Course Description and Goals

Full course for one quarter. This course investigates the origins and effects of the spread of nuclear weapons at international and domestic levels. It begins with a discussion of the morality of nuclear weapons, the motives different states have for obtaining them, and the problems with intelligence on states’ progress. It continues with asking what nuclear strategies have been and should be used, then moves to social constructivist critiques of conventional understandings of nuclear weapons as well as debates over the safety of such weapons. The latter half of the class concentrates on case studies of a variety of programs, including Iran and North Korea as well as proliferation networks and terrorism.

Requirements

Class Participation

Students will have the opportunity participate in the class both during and outside of classroom hours. Each student will be assigned to two to three days during the semester in which they will co-author a short memo (500 or so words) comparing and contrasting that day’s readings and posing questions for discussion. These memos should be emailed to the class mailing list by 8 PM the day before the readings are to be discussed. Students are encouraged to respond to the memos as part of their participation. Students who miss class will be expected to post a 500-word response to the memo for the day that they missed.

Readings

Three books are available from the bookstore (Solingen, Hymans, and Paul); for those who have not read it, the Sagan and Waltz debate is also available and recommended. Additional readings for the course will be available directly from the links on the PDF and HTML versions of this syllabus, which are located on my homepage. All students are expected to have an understanding of all of the readings. The syllabus will be updated frequently.

Assignments

There is one assignment for this course, a lengthy (2500-5000 word) essay analyzing anything related to nuclear politics; it is due on Friday, March 13 at 1 PM. Initial proposals for the essay will be due by Friday, February 20th at 1 PM. All assignments should be emailed to me.

Citation and Plagiarism

A major goal of this course is to encourage good reading, research, and citation habits. Good research requires good documentation of sources and the ability to put one’s own analysis and thoughts into a paper rather than relying on others. When in doubt as to whether you should cite something, always do it with as specific a citation as possible; if an author discusses an idea in one section or one page, cite the specific section or page instead of the full article or book. I usually recommend that students use in-text author-date citation with full Chicago Manual of Style citations; see their Citation Quick Guide: <http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools˙citationguide.html>.

However, style is less important than the cites being present. Plagiarism and cheating are violations of academic integrity. For the purposes of this class, plagiarism is submitting a piece of work which in part or in whole is not entirely the student’s own work without attributing those same portions to their correct source. For examples of plagiarism and how to avoid it, see <http://www.csub.edu/ssric-trd/howto/plagiarism.htm>

Accommodations

If you’d like to request academic accommodations due to a disability, please let me know so we can discuss those accommodations.

1/7/09: 01.2. Technology: How do you make a nuclear weapon? What can they do? (161 Pages)

• E. R. McConnell, G. O. Sampson, and J. M. Sharf (1956) The Effect of Nuclear Explosions on Commercially Packaged Beverages. Food and Drug Administration Technical report WT-1213 <http://www.thesmokinggun.com/archive/nuclearcan1.html> EReading
• Samuel Glasstone and Philip J. Dolan (1977) Chap. 12 in The Effects of Nuclear Weapons. United States Government Printing, 541–643, ISBN 0160020360 EReading
• Dietrich Schroeer (1984) Chap. 2-3 in Science, technology, and the nuclear arms race. New York, NY: Wiley, 14–71, ISBN 0471881414 EReading

Further

• Robert Serber (1943) The Los Alamos primer: the first lectures on how to build an atomic bomb. Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos Report LA-1 <http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00349710.pdf> EReading

1/12/09: 02.1. The Bomb, Dread, + Eternity: The Atomic Cafe (film) (21 Pages)

• Michael Mandelbaum (1980) The Bomb, Dread, and Eternity. International Security. 5(2)Autumn, 3–23 <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2538442> EReading

1/14/09: 02.2. Hiroshima: Why did we use the bomb? Should we have? (118 Pages)

• Lisa Yoneyama (1994) Taming the Memoryscape: Hiroshima’s Urban Renewal. In Jonathan Boyarin, editor Remapping memory : the politics of timespace.  Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, ISBN 0816624526. chapter 4, 99–135 EReading
• Gar Alperovitz (1995) Hiroshima: Historians Reassess. Foreign Policy.(99)Summer, 15–34 <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1149003>, ISSN 00157228 EReading
• Barton J. Bernstein (1995) The Atomic Bombings Reconsidered. Foreign Affairs. 74(1)January/February, 135–152 <http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&an=9501254895>, ISSN 00157120 EReading
• Hugh Gusterson (2004) Hiroshima, the Gulf War, and the Disappearing Body. In People of the Bomb: portraits of America’s nuclear complex.  Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, ISBN 0816638608. chapter 4, 63–81 EReading
• J. Samuel Walker (2005) Recent Literature on Truman’s Atomic Bomb Decision: A Search for Middle Ground. Diplomatic History. 29(2)April, 311–334 EReading

Further

• Barton J. Bernstein (1991) Eclipsed by Hiroshima and Nagasaki: Early Thinking about Tactical Nuclear Weapons. International Security. 15(4)Spring, 149–173 <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2539014>, ISSN 01622889 EReading
• Lynn Eden (2003) Complete Ruin. In Whole World on Fire.  Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, ISBN 0801435781. chapter 1, 15–36 EReading
• Rufus E. Miles, Jr. (1985) Hiroshima: The Strange Myth of Half a Million American Lives Saved. International Security. 10(2)Autumn, 121–140 <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2538830>, ISSN 01622889 EReading
• Herbert F. York (1976) The GAC Report of October 30, 1949. In The Advisors : Oppenheimer, Teller, and the Superbomb.  San Francisco, CA: W. H. Freeman <http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1531933>, ISBN 0716707187, 150–159 EReading

1/19/09: 03.1. No class: MLK Day

1/21/09: 03.2. Motives: Why do states seek the bomb? How do we know? (195 Pages)

• Scott D. Sagan (1996/97) Why Do States Build Nuclear Weapons? Three Models in Search of a Bomb. International Security. 21(3)Winter, 54–86 <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2539273> EReading
• T. V. Paul (2000) Introduction: Theory and Nuclear Weapons Choices. In Paul Power Versus Prudence, 3–13
• T. V. Paul (2000) Explaining Nuclear Forbearance. In Paul Power Versus Prudence, 14–36
• Ariel E. Levite (2002/2003) Never Say Never Again: Nuclear Reversal Revisited. International Security. 27(3)Winter, 59–88 <http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/international˙security/toc/ins27.3.html> EReading
• Jacques E. C. Hymans (2006) Introduction: Life in a Nuclear-Capable Crowd. In Hymans The Psychology of Nuclear Proliferation, 1–15
• Jacques E. C. Hymans (2006) Leaders’ National Identity Conceptions and Nuclear Choices. In Hymans The Psychology of Nuclear Proliferation, 16–46
• Etel Solingen (2007) Introduction. In Solingen Nuclear Logics: Contrasting Paths in East Asia and the Middle East, 3–22
• Etel Solingen (2007) Alternative Logics on Denuclearization. In Solingen Nuclear Logics: Contrasting Paths in East Asia and the Middle East, 23–54

Further

• Jacques E. C. Hymans (2006) Measuring Leaders’ National Identity Conceptions. In Hymans The Psychology of Nuclear Proliferation, 47–84
• Jacques E. C. Hymans (2006) Theories of Nuclear Proliferation: The State of the Field. Nonproliferation Review. 13(3)November, 455–465 EReading
• Dong-Joon Jo and Erik Gartzke (2007) Determinants of Nuclear Weapons Proliferation: A Quantitative Model. Journal of Conflict Resolution. 51(1)February, 167–194 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002706296158> EReading
• Alexander H. Montgomery and Scott D. Sagan (2009) The Perils of Predicting Proliferation. Journal of Conflict Resolution 53(2)April EReading
• Sonali Singh and Christopher R. Way (2004) The Correlates of Nuclear Proliferation: A Quantitative Test. Journal of Conflict Resolution. 48(6)December, 859–885 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002704269655> EReading

1/26/09: 04.1. Intel: Can we really know who is seeking the bomb? (130 Pages)

• Jeffrey T. Richelson (1994) Can the Intelligence Community Keep Pace with the Threat? In Mitchell Reiss and Robert S. Litwak, editors Nuclear Proliferation after the Cold War.  Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center Press, Woodrow Wilson Center special studies, ISBN 0943875579. chapter 13, 291–308 EReading
• David Albright (2003) Iraq’s Aluminum Tubes: Separating Fact from Fiction.  <http://www.isis-online.org/publications/iraq/IraqAluminumTubes12-5-03.pdf> EReading
• Alexander H. Montgomery and Adam J. Mount (2006) Misunderestimation: Explaining US Failures to Predict Nuclear Weapons Programs. In 102nd annual meeting of the American Political Science Association.  Philadelphia, PA, 64 EReading
• National Intelligence Council (2007) Iran: Nuclear Intentions and Capabilities. Office of the Director of National Intelligence National Intelligence Estimate, 9 pages EReading

1/28/09: 04.2. Strategy: What should we do with it? (117 Pages)

• Richard Pipes (1977) Why the Soviet-Union Thinks It Could Fight and Win a Nuclear War. Commentary. 64, 21–34 EReading
• Lawrence Freedman (1986) The First Two Generations of Nuclear Strategists. In Peter Paret, Gordon Alexander Craig and Felix Gilbert, editors Makers of Modern Strategy: From Machiavelli to the Nuclear Age.  Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, ISBN 0691027641. chapter 25, 735–778 EReading
• Scott D. Sagan (2000) The Commitment Trap: Why the United States Should Not Use Nuclear Threats to Deter Biological and Chemical Weapons Attacks. International Security. 24(4)Spring, 85–115 <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2539316> EReading
• Department of Defense (2001) Nuclear Posture Review (Excerpts).  <http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/library/policy/dod/npr.htm> EReading
• Roger Speed and Michael May (2005) Dangerous Doctrine. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. 61(2)March/April, 38–49 <http://thebulletin.metapress.com/content/9pmqq53321645902/fulltext.pdf> EReading

Further

• Bernard Brodie (1959) Chap. 8 in Strategy in the missile age. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 264–304 EReading
• J. D. Crouch (2002) Special Briefing on the Nuclear Posture Review. DoD News Briefing by the Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Policy <http://www.defenselink.mil/transcripts/transcript.aspx?transcriptid=1108> EReading
• Herman Kahn (1970) Issues of Thermonuclear War Termination. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 392November, 133–172 <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1039578>, ISSN 00027162 EReading
• National Security Council (2006) National Security Strategy.  <http://www.whitehouse.gov/nsc/nss/2006/> EReading
• Marc Trachtenberg (1988-1989) A ”Wasting Asset”: American Strategy and the Shifting Nuclear Balance, 1949-1954. International Security. 13(3)Winter, 5–49 <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2538735> EReading

2/2/09: 05.1. SCOT (Social Construction of Technology): What does the bomb mean? (141 Pages)

• Carol Cohn (1987) Sex and Death in the Rational World of Defense Intellectuals. Signs. 12(4)Summer, 687–718 <http://www.jstor.org/stable/3174209> EReading
• Steven Flank (1993-1994) Exploding the Black Box: The Historical Sociology of Nuclear Proliferation. Security Studies. 3(2)Winter, 259–294 EReading
• Donald MacKenzie and Graham Spinardi (1995) Tacit Knowledge, Weapons Design, and the Uninvention of Nuclear Weapons. American Journal of Sociology. 101(1), 44–99 <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2782506> EReading
• Itty Abraham (2006) The Ambivalence of Nuclear Histories. Osiris. 21(1)February, 49–65 <http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AN=21984618> EReading

Further

• Hugh Gusterson (2001) The Virtual Nuclear Weapons Laboratory in the New World Order. American Ethnologist. 28(2)May, 417–437 EReading
• Donald A. MacKenzie (1999) Theories of Technology and the Abolition of Nuclear Weapons. In Donald A. MacKenzie and Judy Wajcman, editors The Social Shaping of Technology.  Philadelphia, PA: Open University Press, ISBN 0335199143. chapter 30, 419–442 EReading
• Nina Tannenwald (1999) The Nuclear Taboo: The United States and the Normative Basis of Nuclear Non-Use. International Organization. 53(3)Summer, 433–468 <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2601286> EReading
• Jutta Weldes (1999) The Cultural Production of Crises: U.S. Identity and Missiles in Cuba. In Jutta Weldes, editor Cultures of Insecurity: States, Communities, and the Production of Danger.  Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, ISBN 081663307X, 35–62 EReading

2/4/09: 05.2. Safety: How safe are we or others in making the bomb? (96 Pages)

• Lee Clarke (1993) Drs. Pangloss and Strangelove Meet Organizational Theory: High Reliability Organizations and Nuclear Weapons Accidents. Sociological Forum. 8(4)December, 675–689 <http://www.jstor.org/stable/684970>, ISSN 08848971 EReading
• Todd R. La Porte  et al. (1994) Systems, Organizations and the Limits of Safety: a Symposium. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management. 2(4)December, 205–240 EReading
• Hugh Gusterson (1999) Nuclear Weapons and the Other in the Western Imagination. Cultural Anthropology. 14(1)February, 111–143 <http://www.jstor.org/stable/656531>, ISSN 08867356 EReading
• Scott D. Sagan (2004) The Problem of Redundancy Problem: Why More Nuclear Security Forces May Produce Less Nuclear Security. Risk Analysis. 24(4)August, 935–946 EReading

Further

• Gene I. Rochlin (1993) Defining ”High Reliability” Organizations in Practice: A Taxonomic Prologue. In Karlene H. Roberts, editor New Challenges to Understanding Organizations.  New York, NY: Macmillan, ISBN 0024020524. chapter 2, 11–32 EReading
• Scott D. Sagan (1993) The Origins of Accidents. In Sagan The Limits of Safety, 11–52 EReading
• Scott D. Sagan (1993) The Limits of Safety. In Sagan The Limits of Safety, 250–279 EReading

2/9/09: 06.1. Iran: Determined or Deterrable? (92 Pages)

• Alexander H. Montgomery (2005) Iran. In Social Action, Rogue Reaction: US Post-Cold War Nuclear Counterproliferation Strategies. . PhD 5, 95–124 EReading
• David Albright (2006) When could Iran get the Bomb? Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. 62(4)July/August, 6 <http://www.thebulletin.org/print.php?art˙ofn=ja06albright> EReading
• Colin Dueck and Ray Takeyh (2007) Iran’s Nuclear Challenge. Political Science Quarterly. 122(2)June 1, 189–205 <http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AN=25519623>, ISSN 00323195 EReading
• Scott Sagan, Kenneth Waltz, and Richard K. Betts (2007) A Nuclear Iran: Promoting Stability or Courting Disaster? Journal of International Affairs. 60(2)Spring/Summer, 135–150 <http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AN=25069438>, ISSN 0022197X EReading
• Etel Solingen (2007) Iran. In Solingen Nuclear Logics: Contrasting Paths in East Asia and the Middle East, 164–186

2/11/09: 06.2. North Korea: Pariah or Persuadable? (102 Pages)

• Michael Horowitz (2004) Who’s Behind That Curtain? Unveiling Potential Leverage over Pyongyang. Washington Quarterly. 28(1)Winter, 21–44 <http://twq.com/05winter/docs/05winter˙horowitz.pdf> EReading
• Richard L. Garwin and Frank N. von Hippel (2006) A Technical Analysis of North Korea’s Oct. 9 Nuclear Test. Arms Control Today. 36(9)November, 3 <http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2006˙11/NKTestAnalysis.asp?print> EReading
• Alexander H. Montgomery (2006) Ticking Time Bomb or Fizzle? Exploding Five Myths about the North Korean Nuclear Crisis. Program on International Security Policy Workshop, Harris School of Public Policy, University of Chicago EReading
• David Albright (2007) North Korea’s Alleged Large-Scale Enrichment Plant: Yet Another Questionable Extrapolation Based on Aluminum Tubes. Institute for Science and International Security <http://www.isis-online.org/publications/dprk/DPRKenrichment22Feb.pdf> EReading
• Etel Solingen (2007) North Korea. In Solingen Nuclear Logics: Contrasting Paths in East Asia and the Middle East, 118–140
• Hugh Gusterson (2008) Paranoid, Potbellied Stalinist Gets Nuclear Weapons: How the U.S. Print Media Cover North Korea. Nonproliferation Review. 15(1)March, 21–42 <http://cns.miis.edu/pubs/npr/vol15/151˙gusterson.pdf> EReading

Further

• Jacques E. C. Hymans (2007) Estimating the DPRK’s Nuclear Intentions and Capacities: A Comparative Foreign Policy Approach. East Asia Institute EAI Working Paper Series 8, 32 pages EReading

2/16/09: 07.1. No class: Presidents’ Day

2/18/09: 07.2. Nuclear Networks: The Wrath of Khan? (123 Pages)

• Chaim Braun and Christopher Chyba (2004) Proliferation Rings: New Challenges to the Nuclear Nonproliferation Regime. International Security. 29(2)Fall, 5–49 <http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/international˙security/toc/ins29.2.html> EReading
• William Langewiesche (2005) The Wrath of Khan. Atlantic Monthly.November, 23 <http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/print/200511/aq-khan>, ISSN 1072–7825 EReading
• Alexander H. Montgomery (2005) Proliferation Networks in Theory and Practice. In Globalization and WMD Proliferation Networks: Challenges to U.S. Security.  Monterey, CA: Defense Threat Reduction Agency, 20 EReading
• Alexander H. Montgomery (2005) Ringing in Proliferation: How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb Network. International Security. 30(2)Fall, 153–187 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/016228805775124543> EReading

Further

• David Albright and Susan Basu (2006) India’s Gas Centrifuge Program: Stopping Illicit Procurement and the Leakage of Technical Centrifuge Know-How. Institute for Science and International Security <http://www.isis-online.org/publications/southasia/indianprocurement.pdf> EReading
• Sheena E. Chestnut (2007) Illicit Activity and Proliferation: North Korean Smuggling Networks. International Security. 32(1)Summer, 80–111 EReading
• Siegfried S. Hecker and William Liou (2007) Dangerous Dealings: North Korea’s Nuclear Capabilities and the Threat of Export to Iran. Arms Control Today. 37(2)March, 8 <http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2007˙03/heckerliou.asp?print> EReading
• Gaurav Kampani (2002) Second Tier Proliferation: The Case of Pakistan and North Korea. Nonproliferation Review. 9(3)Fall-Winter, 107–116 <http://cns.miis.edu/pubs/npr/vol09/93/93kamp.pdf> EReading

2/23/09: 08.1. India, Pakistan, and Israel: Renegades or the future of Prolfieration? (116 Pages)

• David Albright and Mark Hibbs (1992) Pakistan’s bomb: Out of the closet. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. 48(6)January, 38–43 <http://www.thebulletin.org/article.php?art˙ofn=ja92albright> EReading
• David Albright (1998) The shots heard ’round the world: India conducted three nuclear tests on May 11 and two on May 13. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. 54(4)July/August, 20–25 <http://www.thebulletin.org/article.php?art˙ofn=ja98albright> EReading
• Samina Ahmed (1999) Pakistan’s Nuclear Weapons Program: Turning Points and Nuclear Choices. International Security. 23(4)Spring, 178–204 <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2539298>, ISSN 01622889 EReading
• T. V. Paul (2000) New Nuclear States: India, Pakistan, and Israel. In Paul Power Versus Prudence, 125–142
• Jacques E. C. Hymans (2006) “We Have a Big Bomb Now”: India’s Nuclear U-Turn. In Hymans The Psychology of Nuclear Proliferation, 171–203
• Etel Solingen (2007) Israel. In Solingen Nuclear Logics: Contrasting Paths in East Asia and the Middle East, 187–212

Further

• Itty Abraham (1998) The Making of the Indian Atomic Bomb: Science, Secrecy and the Postcolonial State. London, UK: Zed Books, ISBN 1856496309
• Avner Cohen (1998) Israel and the bomb. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, ISBN 0231104820
• George Perkovich (1999) India’s Nuclear Bomb: The Impact on Global Proliferation. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, ISBN 0520217721

2/25/09: 08.2. South Korea, Ukraine, Belarus, and South Africa: Success Stories? (114 Pages)

• David Albright and Mark Hibbs (1993) South Africa: The ANC and the atom bomb. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. 49(3)April, 32–37 EReading
• David Albright (1994) South Africa and the Affordable Bomb. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. 50(4)July/August, 37–47 EReading
• Frank V. Pabian (1995) South Africa’s Nuclear Weapon Program: Lessons for U.S. Nonproliferation Policy. Nonproliferation Review. 3(1)Fall, 1–19 <http://cns.miis.edu/pubs/npr/vol03/31/31pabian.pdf> EReading
• Glenn Chafetz, Hillel Abramson, and Suzette Grillot (1996) Role Theory and Foreign Policy: Belarussian and Ukranian Compliance with the Nuclear Nonproliferation Regime. Political Psychology. 17(4), 727–757 <http://www.jstor.org/stable/3792136> EReading
• Suzette R. Grillot and William J. Long (2000) Ideas, Beliefs, and Nuclear Policies: The Cases of South Africa and Ukraine. Nonproliferation Review. 7(1)Spring, 24–40 <http://cns.miis.edu/pubs/npr/vol07/71/long71.pdf> EReading
• T. V. Paul (2000) Nuclear Choices of South Africa, Ukraine, and South Korea. In Paul Power Versus Prudence, 113–124
• Etel Solingen (2007) South Korea. In Solingen Nuclear Logics: Contrasting Paths in East Asia and the Middle East, 82–99

3/2/09: 09.1. Argentina and Brazil: Did they or didn’t they? (129 Pages)

• Julio C. Carasales (1995) The Argentine-Brazilian Nuclear Rapprochement. Nonproliferation Review. 2(3)Spring-Summer, 39–48 <http://www.cns.miis.edu/pubs/npr/vol02/23/carasa23.pdf> EReading
• Michael Barletta (1997) The Military Nuclear Program in Brazil. Center for International Security and Cooperation <http://iis-db.stanford.edu/pubs/10340/barletta.pdf> EReading
• Julio C. Carasales (1999) The So-Called Proliferator that Wasn’t: The Story of Argentina’s Nuclear Policy. Nonproliferation Review. 6(4)Fall, 51–64 <http://cns.miis.edu/pubs/npr/vol06/64/carasa64.pdf> EReading
• T. V. Paul (2000) Non-Allied States: Argentina and Brazil. In Paul Power Versus Prudence, 99–112
• Michael Barletta (2001) Argentine and Brazilian Nonproliferation: A Democratic Peace? In Twenty-First Century Weapons Proliferation: Are We Ready? Portland, OR: Frank Cass, ISBN 0714681377. chapter 10, 148–167 EReading
• Jacques E. C. Hymans (2006) Argentina’s Nuclear Ambition – and Restraint. In Hymans The Psychology of Nuclear Proliferation, 141–170

3/4/09: 09.2. Australia, Germany, and Japan: Why didn’t they? (119 Pages)

• Jim Walsh (1997) Surprise Down Under: The Secret History of Australia’s Nuclear Ambitions. Nonproliferation Review. 5(1)Fall, 1–20 <http://cns.miis.edu/pubs/npr/vol05/51/walsh51.pdf> EReading
• T. V. Paul (2000) Aligned Major Economic Powers: Germany and Japan. In Paul Power Versus Prudence, 37–61
• T. V. Paul (2000) Aligned Middle Powers: Canada and Australia. In Paul Power Versus Prudence, 62–83
• Jacques E. C. Hymans (2006) Australia’s Search for Security: Nuclear Umbrella, Armament, or Abolition? In Hymans The Psychology of Nuclear Proliferation, 114–140
• Etel Solingen (2007) Japan. In Solingen Nuclear Logics: Contrasting Paths in East Asia and the Middle East, 57–81

Further

• Jenifer Mackby and Walter Slocombe (2004) Germany: The Model Case, a Historical Imperative. In Campbell, Einhorn and Reiss The Nuclear Tipping Point, 175–217 EReading
• Kurt M. Campbell and Tsuyoshi Sunohara (2004) Japan: Thinking the Unthinkable. In Campbell, Einhorn and Reiss The Nuclear Tipping Point, 218–253 EReading

3/9/09: 10.1. Terrorists: Should we worry about them? (89 Pages)

• J. Carson Mark  et al. (1987) Can Terrorists Build Nuclear Weapons? <http://www.nci.org/k-m/makeab.htm> EReading
• Ira Helfand, Lachlan Forrow, and Jaya Tiwari (2002) Nuclear Terrorism. British Medical Journal. 324February 9, 356–359 EReading
• David Albright and Holly Higgins (2003) A Bomb for the Ummah. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. 59(2)March/April, 49–55 <http://www.thebulletin.org/article.php?art˙ofn=ma03albright> EReading
• Graham T. Allison (2004) How to Stop Nuclear Terror. Foreign Affairs.January/February, 5 EReading
• William C. Potter, Charles D. Ferguson, and Leonard S. Spector (2004) The Four Faces of Nuclear Terror and the Need for a Prioritized Response. Foreign Affairs.May/June, 2 EReading
• Linda Rothstein, Catherine Auer, and Jonas Siegel (2004) Rethinking doomsday. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists.November/December, 11 EReading
• William M. Arkin (2006) The continuing misuses of fear. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. 62(5)September/October, 42–45 <http://www.thebulletin.org/print.php?art˙ofn=so06arkin> EReading
• Matthew Bunn and Anthony Wier (2006) Terrorist Nuclear Weapon Construction: How Difficult? Annals of The American Academy of Political and Social Science.September 10, 11 EReading
• William Dunlop and Harold Smith (2006) Who Did It? Using International Forensics to Detect and Deter Nuclear Terrorism. Arms Control Today. 36(8)October, 6 <http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2006˙10/CVRForensics.asp> EReading
• William Langewiesche (2006) How to Get a Nuclear Bomb. Atlantic. 298(5)December, 80–98 EReading
• Peter D. Zimmerman and Jeffrey G. Lewis (2006) The Bomb in the Backyard. Foreign Policy.(157)November/December, 32–39 EReading
• Matthew Bunn (2007) Bombs We Can Stop. American Scientist.September-October, 4 EReading

Further

• Graham Allison (2004) Nuclear Terrorism. New York, NY: Times Books, ISBN 0805076514
• Richard A. Falkenrath (1998) Confronting Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Terrorism. Survival. 40(3)January, 43–65 EReading
• Bill Keller (2002) Nuclear Nightmares. New York Times.May 26, 13 EReading
• Douglas Pasternak (2001) Too many nuclear plants are not prepared to prevent attacks. U.S. News and World Report.September 5, 3 EReading

3/11/09: 10.2. Conclusions (91 Pages)

• T. V. Paul (2000) Conclusions. In Paul Power Versus Prudence, 143–156
• Jacques E. C. Hymans (2006) Conclusion: Lessons for Policy. In Hymans The Psychology of Nuclear Proliferation, 204–228
• Etel Solingen (2007) Findings, Futures, and Policy Implications. In Solingen Nuclear Logics: Contrasting Paths in East Asia and the Middle East, 249–300