Course Description and Goals

Full course for one semester. This course examines contemporary international environmental problems from theoretical and policy perspectives. What are the causes of environmental problems? What strategies do international actors use to attempt to address these problems, and which are most successful? What are the most pressing problems facing policymakers today? How do environmental issues create other problems in areas such as security and economics? In an attempt to shed light on these questions, this course analyzes structures, agents, and processes affecting international environmental politics in the first part. The second part focuses on examining contemporary issue areas including the use of natural resources, overpopulation, pollution, energy use, global climate change, environmental security, and potential future problems. Prerequisite: Political Science 240. Conference.

Requirements

Class Participation

Students are required to actively participate in the class; they will have the opportunity to do so both during and outside of classroom hours. Good participation involves—among other things—listening carefully to others, referring or responding to the previous speaker’s comments, and asking questions in addition to or instead of making statements. There is such a thing as bad participation.This includes—but is not limited to—interrupting others, dominating conversations, and conducting ad hominem attacks.

Starting next Monday, every student should have a question or observation about at least one of the authors assigned for a given day. I may call on you at any time during class to start a conversation with your question/observation. You may want to print it out or write it down if you frequently can’t remember the brilliant observation you had. Students are required to turn in their questions/observations to Moodle prior to the class for ten classes (that’s about half) over the entire semester; this is a very good way of demonstrating participation in the event that you tend to listen more than speak in class. You may also participate by discussing the material online before or after the class.

Class will typically start with an interruptible mini-lecture on my part; only after we’ve covered the basics of the articles and how they relate to each other will we move to discussion. I do this to ensure that you understood the basic assumptions, mechanisms, and implications of each theory, and will consequently often contain a Socratic component. This is also a good time to ask one of your questions! Sometimes this will take up almost the entire class period, particularly near the beginning. This is another reason to post your question/observation to Moodle in advance so I can get a sense of where you are stuck or what you are interested in and incorporate that into the mini lecture part. As the class progresses and as we move from theory to practice, we will dedicate more time to the discussion portion of class. Sometimes we will not get to all of the readings or very far in the discussion. This is deliberate; you will still benefit from the context provided by those pieces even if we don’t discuss them. If we miss something in class, you are most welcome to post (or re-post) your question/observation to Moodle after the class.

If you miss a day of class for any reason whatsoever, you may make it up by posting a summary of each of the readings for that day to Moodle. In order to make up missed days from the first half of the semester, these must be posted before the first day of classes after the break; from the second half, by the end of reading period. If you are sick, do NOT come to class and spread it to the rest of us. Instead, stay home, write your summaries up (which all of you should be doing every day in any case), and get better.

Readings

Readings for the course are drawn from two books and E-Readings, which can be downloaded directly from the links on Moodle. These are best used in conjunction with Zotero, which is supported by the library. I encourage all students to use Zotero to download the class readings, take notes, and use for citing works in their papers. Students are expected to bring a copy of the readings to class every day for reference. Laptops are not permitted in class; tablet or convertible devices may be used without keyboards for accessing the readings. Take notes by hand; this will help you remember the subject materials. Readings marked “Cases” on the syllabus are required. Readings marked “Further” on the syllabus are other relevant articles or books; they are not required for class. Students who have a particular interest in the topics in question are encouraged to read these pieces and to incorporate them into their assignments.

While this is not a course on current topics in international environmental politics (any one of which could provide material for an entire course), students are also expected to keep up with world events through daily reading of international news. Recommended news sites will be posted on the course web site.

Course Website

Frequent reading of the course website will be helpful for success in the class. Discussion and collaboration with your peers is available to you through the website as well as in class; supplemental and core readings will be made available there; and assignments will be turned in electronically using the site.

Assignments and Quals

There are two formal assignments for this course. More details regarding the assignments will be available later. In general, I look for four things in an essay: A clear argument in the introductory paragraph, an explanation of the theories that you will be using, an illustration of your argument with direct examples, and a conclusion that discusses the implications of your findings. Note that word counts include your bibliography.

Citation and Plagiarism

A major goal of this course is to encourage good reading, research, and citation habits. Good research requires good documentation of sources and the ability to put one’s own analysis and thoughts into a paper rather than relying on others. When in doubt as to whether you should cite something, always do it. Citations are required for ideas as well as facts, and are imperative even if you are not directly quoting authors. Make sure that you provide as specific a citation as possible; if an author discusses an idea in one section or one page, cite the specific section or page instead of the full article or book. I usually recommend that students use in-text author-date citation with full Chicago Manual of Style citations; see their Citation Quick Guide: <http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools˙citationguide.html>.

However, style is less important than the cites being present. If you use an idea or a fact without attribution, you are plagiarizing someone else’s work. Plagiarism and cheating are violations of academic integrity and thus violations of Reed’s Honor Principle. As specified by Reed’s academic conduct policy, such violations will result in disciplinary actions, including suspension or permanent dismissal from the College. Plagiarism is submitting a piece of work which in part or in whole is not entirely the student’s own work without attributing those same portions to their correct source. For examples of plagiarism and how to avoid it, see <http://tinyurl.com/jdlrbd3>. If nothing else, you should avoid “sinister buttocks” syndrome. For more information on Reed’s policies see: <http://www.reed.edu/academic/gbook/comm˙pol/acad˙conduct.html>.

Plagiarism often comes as the result of a student being up against a deadline without being able to meet it. If you are having trouble meeting a deadline for whatever reason, please contact me. Because every assignment is a paper that will be handed out well in advance, I have no problem giving extensions. It is always better to ask for more time than to plagiarize. When you ask for an extension, you should a)explain what events are causing you to miss the deadline and b)request an amount of time proportional to the interfering events. You may ask for an extension up to, but not exceeding, the amount of time remaining for the assignment, except for cases of emergencies or unanticipatable circumstances.

Accommodations

If you’d like to request academic accommodations due to a disability, please contact Disability Support Services. If you have a letter from Student Services, please let me know so we can discuss those accommodations.

Introduction to International Environmental Politics

23-Jan: 01.1. Introduction

25-Jan: 01.2. International Politics (102 Pages)

• J. David Singer (1960) International Conflict: Three Levels of Analysis. World Politics. 12(3)April, 453–461 <http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2009401>, ISSN 00438871
• Robert Gilpin (1975) The Nature of Political Economy. In Art and Jervis International Politics, 281–297
• Kenneth N. Waltz (1979) The Anarchic Structure of World Politics. In Art and Jervis International Politics, 29–49
• Kenneth A. Oye (1985) Explaining Cooperation under Anarchy: Hypotheses and Strategies. World Politics. 38(1)October, 1–24 <http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2010349>, ISSN 00438871
• Alexander Wendt (1992) Anarchy Is What States Make of It. In Art and Jervis International Politics, 61–68
• Margaret E. Keck and Kathryn Sikkink (1998) Transnational Activist Networks. In Art and Jervis International Politics, 551–557
• Jeffrey Frankel (2000) The Globalization of the International Economy. In Art and Jervis International Politics, 325–340

Further

• Kenneth N. Waltz (1979) Chap. 1 in Theory of International Politics.  1st edition. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1–17, ISBN 0201083493
• Kate O’Neill, Jorg Balsiger, and Stacy D. VanDeveer (2004) Actors, Norms, and Impact: Recent International Cooperation Theory and the Influence of the Agent-Structure Debate. Annual Review of Political Science. 07(1), 149–175 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.7.090803.161821>, ISSN 1094–2939

30-Jan: 02.1. Environmental Politics (120 Pages)

• Kate O’Neill (2009) Introduction: The Environment and International Relations. In O’Neill The Environment and International Relations. chapter 1, 1–23
• Detlef Sprinz and Tapani Vaahtoranta (1994) The Interest-Based Explanation of International Environmental Policy. International Organization. 48(1), 77–105 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818300000825>
• Karen T. Litfin (1997) Sovereignty in World Ecopolitics. Mershon International Studies Review. 41(2)November, 167–204 <http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/222667>
• James Gustave Speth and Peter M Haas (2006) From Stockholm to Johannesburg: First Attempt at Global Environmental Governance. In Global Environmental Governance.  Washington: Island Press, ISBN 1597260819. chapter 3, 52–81
• Pamela S. Chasek, David Leonard Downie, and Janet Welsh Brown (2010) Chronology. In Chasek, Downie and Brown Global Environmental Politics, xxiii–xxx

Further

• Ken Conca (1994) Rethinking the Ecology-Sovereignty Debate. Millennium - Journal of International Studies. 23(3), 701–711 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03058298940230030201>
• Paul Wapner (1997) Environmental Ethics and Global Governance: Engaging the International Liberal Tradition. Global Governance. 3(2), 213–231, ISSN 1075–2846
• Lucy H. Ford (2003) Challenging Global Environmental Governance: Social Movement Agency and Global Civil Society. Global Environmental Politics. 3(2), 120–134 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/152638003322068254>, ISSN 1526–3800
• Paul Wapner (2008) The Importance of Critical Environmental Studies in the New Environmentalism. Global Environmental Politics. 8(1), 6–13, ISSN 1526–3800
• Ronald B. Mitchell (2010) Explaining International Environmental Politics. In Mitchell International Politics and the Environment. chapter 1, 1–19

1-Feb: 02.2. Environmental Problems (78 Pages)

• Kate O’Neill (2009) International Environmental Problems. In O’Neill The Environment and International Relations. chapter 2, 24–47
• Garrett Hardin (1968) The Tragedy of the Commons. Science. 162(3859), 1243–1248 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.162.3859.1243>, ISSN 00368075
• Julian L. Simon (1981) The Infinite Supply of Natural Resources. In Art and Jervis International Politics, 531–538
• Thomas Homer-Dixon (1991) Cornucopians and Neo-Malthusians. In Art and Jervis International Politics, 539–541
• Elinor Ostrom  et al. (1999) Revisiting the Commons: Local Lessons, Global Challenges. Science. 284(5412), 278–282 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.284.5412.278>
• Ronald B. Mitchell (2010) Sources of International Environmental Problems. In Mitchell International Politics and the Environment. chapter 3, 48–79

Further

• Julian L. Simon (1980) Resources, Population, Environment: An Oversupply of False Bad News. Science. 208(4451)June 27, 1431–1437 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.7384784>
• Susan J. B. Cox (1985) No tragedy on the Commons. Environmental Ethics. 7(1), 49–61
• Ronald B. Mitchell (2010) Defining and Distinguishing International Environmental Problems. In Mitchell International Politics and the Environment. chapter 2, 20–47

Agents, Structures, and Processes

6-Feb: 03.1. Actors: IGOs (113 Pages)

• Kate O’Neill (2009) Actors in International Environmental Politics. In O’Neill The Environment and International Relations. chapter 3, 48–70
• Frank Biermann (2001) The Emerging Debate on the Need for a World Environment Organization: A Commentary. Global Environmental Politics. 1(1), 45–55 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/152638001570624>
• Adil Najam (2003) The Case against a New International Environmental Organization. Global Governance. 9(3), 367–384
• Peter M. Haas (2004) Addressing the Global Governance Deficit. Global Environmental Politics. 4(4), 1–15 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep.2004.4.4.1>
• Steffen Bauer (2006) Does Bureaucracy Really Matter? The Authority of Intergovernmental Treaty Secretariats in Global Environmental Politics. Global Environmental Politics. 6(1), 23–49, ISSN 1526–3800

Cases

• Nina Hall (2015) Money or Mandate?: Why International Organizations Engage with the Climate Change Regime. Global Environmental Politics. 15(2)May 8, 79–97 <https://muse-jhu-edu.proxy.library.reed.edu/article/581148> – visited on 2017-01-22, ISSN 1536–0091

Further

• Frank Biermann (2000) The Case for a World Environment Organization. Environment. 42(9), 22, ISSN 00139157
• Charlotte Streck (2001) The Global Environment Facility—a Role Model for International Governance? Global Environmental Politics. 1(2), 71–94 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/152638001750336604>, ISSN 1526–3800
• Steven Bernstein (2002) Liberal Environmentalism and Global Environmental Governance. Global Environmental Politics. 2(3), 1–16 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/152638002320310509>
• Ronald B. Mitchell (2003) International Environmental Agreements: A Survey of Their Features, Formation, and Effects. Annual Review of Environment and Resources. 28(1)November, 429–461 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.energy.28.050302.105603>
• Simon Lightfoot and Jon Burchell (2005) The European Union and the World Summit on Sustainable Development: Normative Power Europe in Action? Journal of Common Market Studies. 43(1), 75–95 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0021-9886.2005.00547.x>, ISSN 00219886
• Pamela S. Chasek, David Leonard Downie, and Janet Welsh Brown (2010) Actors in the Environmental Arena. In Chasek, Downie and Brown Global Environmental Politics. chapter 2, 53–115

8-Feb: 03.2. Actors: NGOs (109 Pages)

• Kate O’Neill (2009) Non-State Global Environmental Governance. In O’Neill The Environment and International Relations. chapter 7, 167–196
• Paul Wapner (1995) Politics beyond the State: Environmental Activism and World Civic Politics. World Politics. 47(3), 311–340 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0043887100016415>, ISSN 00438871
• Sheila S. Jasanoff (1997) NGOs and the Environment: From Knowledge to Action. Third World Quarterly. 18(3), 579–594 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01436599714885>

Cases

• Lars H. Gulbrandsen and Steinar Andresen (2004) NGO Influence in the Implementation of the Kyoto Protocol: Compliance, Flexibility Mechanisms, and Sinks. Global Environmental Politics. 4(4), 54–75
• Thomas Hale (2016) ”All Hands on Deck”: The Paris Agreement and Nonstate Climate Action. Global Environmental Politics. 16(3)August 20, 12–22 <https://muse-jhu-edu.proxy.library.reed.edu/article/628804> – visited on 2017-01-22, ISSN 1536–0091

Further

• Michele M. Betsill and Elisabeth Corell (2001) NGO Influence in International Environmental Negotiations: A Framework for Analysis. Global Environmental Politics. 1(4), 65–85 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/152638001317146372>, ISSN 15263800
• Robert Falkner (2003) Private Environmental Governance and International Relations: Exploring the Links. Global Environmental Politics. 3(2), 72–87 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/152638003322068227>
• Michele M. Betsill and Harriet Bulkeley (2004) Transnational Networks and Global Environmental Governance: The Cities for Climate Protection Program. International Studies Quarterly. 48(2), 471–493 <http://www.jstor.org/stable/3693583> – visited on 2016-01-20, ISSN 0020–8833
• Jennifer Hadden (2014) Explaining Variation in Transnational Climate Change Activism: The Role of Inter-Movement Spillover. Global Environmental Politics. 14(2)May 25, 7–25 <https://muse-jhu-edu.proxy.library.reed.edu/article/545865> – visited on 2017-01-22, ISSN 1536–0091

13-Feb: 04.1. Regimes: Formation (91 Pages)

• Kate O’Neill (2009) State-Led Global Environmental Governance: International Cooperation and Regime Formation. In O’Neill The Environment and International Relations. chapter 4, 71–103
• Frederick H. Buttel (2000) World Society, the Nation-State, and Environmental Protection: Comment on Frank, Hironaka, and Schofer. American Sociological Review. 65(1)February, 117–121 <http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2657292>, ISSN 00031224
• David John Frank, Ann Hironaka, and Evan Schofer (2000) Environmentalism as a Global Institution: Reply to Buttel. American Sociological Review. 65(1)February, 122–127 <http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2657293>, ISSN 00031224
• David John Frank, Ann Hironaka, and Evan Schofer (2000) The Nation-State and the Natural Environment over the Twentieth Century. American Sociological Review. 65(1)February, 96–116 <http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2657291>

Cases

• Jana von Stein (2008) The International Law and Politics of Climate Change: Ratification of the United Nations Framework Convention and the Kyoto Protocol. Journal of Conflict Resolution. 52(2)April, 243–268 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002707313692>

Further

• Radoslav S Dimitrov  et al. (2007) International Nonregimes: A Research Agenda. International Studies Review. 9(2), 230–258, ISSN 1521–9488

15-Feb: 04.2. Regimes: Effectiveness (131 Pages)

• Kate O’Neill (2009) The Impacts and Effectiveness of Environmental Treaty Regimes. In O’Neill The Environment and International Relations. chapter 5, 104–134
• Carsten Helm and Detlef Sprinz (2000) Measuring the Effectiveness of International Environmental Regimes. Journal of Conflict Resolution. 44(5), 630–652 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002700044005004>, ISSN 00220027
• Jon Hovi and Detlef F. Sprinz (2006) The Limits of the Law of the Least Ambitious Program. Global Environmental Politics. 6(3), 28–42 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep.2006.6.3.28>
• Ronald B. Mitchell (2006) Problem structure, institutional design, and the relative effectiveness of international environmental agreements. Global Environmental Politics. 6(3)August, 72–89 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep.2006.6.3.72>

Cases

• David G. Victor (2006) Toward Effective International Cooperation on Climate Change: Numbers, Interests and Institutions. Global Environmental Politics. 6(3)July 24, 90–103 <https://muse-jhu-edu.proxy.library.reed.edu/article/201041> – visited on 2017-01-23, ISSN 1536–0091
• David G. Victor and Charles F. Kennel (2014) Climate Policy: Ditch the 2 C Warming Goal. Nature News. 514(7520)October 2, 30 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/514030a>

Further

• Ronald B. Mitchell (1994) Regime Design Matters: Intentional Oil Pollution and Treaty Compliance. International Organization. 48(3), 425–458 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818300028253>
• Oran R. Young (2001) Inferences and Indices: Evaluating the Effectiveness of International Environmental Regimes. Global Environmental Politics. 1(1), 99–121 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/152638001570651>
• Ronald B. Mitchell (2002) A Quantitative Approach to Evaluating International Environmental Regimes. Global Environmental Politics. 2(4), 58–83 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/152638002320980623>, ISSN 15263800
• David Leonard Downie (2010) Global Environmental Policy: Governance through Regimes. In Axelrod, VanDeveer and Downie The Global Environment: Institutions, Law, and Policy. chapter 4, 70–91

20-Feb: 05.1. Epistemic Communities (117 Pages)

• Peter M. Haas (1992) Introduction: Epistemic Communities and International Policy Coordination. International Organization. 46(1, Knowledge, Power, and International Policy Coordination)Winter, 1–35 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818300001442>, ISSN 00208183
• Marybeth Long Martello (2001) A Paradox of Virtue?: ”Other” Knowledges and Environment-Development Politics. Global Environmental Politics. 1(3), 114–141 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/152638001316881430>, ISSN 15263800
• Frank Biermann (2002) Institutions for Scientific Advice: Global Environmental Assessments and Their Influence in Developing Countries. Global Governance. 8, 195–219
• Karin Bäckstrand (2003) Civic Science for Sustainability: Reframing the Role of Experts, Policy-Makers and Citizens in Environmental Governance. Global Environmental Politics. 3(4), 24–41 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/152638003322757916>

Cases

• Radoslav S. Dimitrov (2016) The Paris Agreement on Climate Change: Behind Closed Doors. Global Environmental Politics. 16(3)August 20, 1–11 <https://muse-jhu-edu.proxy.library.reed.edu/article/628803> – visited on 2017-01-22, ISSN 1536–0091

Further

• Deborah A. Stone (1989) Causal Stories and the Formation of Policy Agendas. Political Science Quarterly. 104(2), 281–300 <http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2151585>, ISSN 00323195
• Peter M. Haas (1990) Obtaining International Environmental Protection through Epistemic Consensus. Millennium - Journal of International Studies. 19(3), 347 –363 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03058298900190030401>
• Emanuel Adler and Peter M. Haas (1992) Conclusion: Epistemic Communities, World Order, and the Creation of a Reflective Research Program. International Organization. 46(1), 367–390 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818300001533>

22-Feb: 05.2. No Class

27-Feb: 06.1. Trade (82 Pages)

• Kate O’Neill (2009) Global Economic Governance and the Environment. In O’Neill The Environment and International Relations. chapter 6, 135–166
• David Vogel (1997) Trading up and governing across: transnational governance and environmental protection. Journal of European Public Policy. 4(4), 556–571
• Daniel C. Esty (2001) Bridging the Trade-Environment Divide. Journal of Economic Perspectives. 15(3), 113–130 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.15.3.113>, ISSN 08953309
• Elizabeth R. DeSombre and J. Samuel Barkin (2002) Turtles and Trade: The WTO’s Acceptance of Environmental Trade Restrictions. Global Environmental Politics. 2(1), 12–18 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/152638002317261445>, ISSN 15263800

Case

• Christopher L. Weber and Glen P. Peters (2009) Climate Change Policy and International Trade: Policy Considerations in the US. Energy Policy. 37(2)February , 432–440 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.09.073>, ISSN 0301–4215

Further

• Douglas Jake Caldwell (1998) Multilateral Environmental Agreements and the GATT/WTO Regime. April Director and Attorney, Trade, Health, and Environment, US National Wildlife Federation, Washington, DC
• Adil Najam and Nick Robins (2001) Seizing the Future: The South, Sustainable Development and International Trade. International Affairs. 77(1)January, 49–68 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2346.00177>, ISSN 00205850
• Robyn Eckersley (2004) The Big Chill: The WTO and Multilateral Environmental Agreements. Global Environmental Politics. 4(2), 24–50 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/152638004323074183>, ISSN 15263800
• Aseem Prakash and Matthew Potoski (2006) Racing to the Bottom? Trade, Environmental Governance, and ISO 14001. American Journal of Political Science. 50(2), 350–364 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2006.00188.x>, ISSN 00925853
• Johannes Urpelainen (2013) Promoting International Environmental Cooperation Through Unilateral Action: When Can Trade Sanctions Help? Global Environmental Politics. 13(2)May 3, 26–45 <https://muse-jhu-edu.proxy.library.reed.edu/article/506212> – visited on 2017-01-22, ISSN 1536–0091
• Thomas Bernauer and Quynh Nguyen (2015) Free Trade and/or Environmental Protection? Global Environmental Politics. 15(4)November 13, 105–129 <https://muse-jhu-edu.proxy.library.reed.edu/article/601004> – visited on 2017-01-22, ISSN 1536–0091

1-Mar: 06.2. Development (101 Pages)

• Sylvia Karlsson (2002) The North-South Knowledge Divide: Consequences for Global Environmental Governance. In Daniel C. Esty and Maria H. Ivanova, editors Global Environmental Governance: Options and Opportunities.  New Haven, CT: Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies <http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/51032932>, ISBN 0970788223, 53–76
• Paul Wapner (2003) World Summit on Sustainable Development: Toward a Post-Jo’burg Environmentalism. Global Environmental Politics. 3(1), 1–10 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/152638003763336356>, ISSN 15263800
• Adil Najam (2005) Developing Countries and Global Environmental Governance: From Contestation to Participation to Engagement. International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics. 5(3), 303–321 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10784-005-3807-6>
• Ambuj D. Sagar and Stacy D. VanDeveer (2005) Capacity Development for the Environment: Broadening the Scope*. Global Environmental Politics. 5(3), 14–22 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/1526380054794844>
• Marc Williams (2005) The Third World and Global Environmental Negotiations: Interests, Institutions and Ideas. Global Environmental Politics. 5(3), 48–69 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/1526380054794826>

Cases

• W. Neil Adger  et al. (2003) Adaptation to Climate Change in the Developing World. Progress in Development Studies. 3(3)July 1, 179–195 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/1464993403ps060oa>, ISSN 1464–9934

Further

• Ranjit Dwivedi (2001) Environmental Movements in the Global South. International Sociology. 16(1), 11 –31 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268580901016001003>
• Bjørn Lomborg (2001) Prosperity. In Lomborg The Skeptical Environmentalist. chapter 6, 70–86
• Adil Najam  et al. (2002) From Rio to Johannesburg: Progress and Prospects. Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development. 44(7), 26–38 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00139150209605804>, ISSN 0013–9157
• Gabriela Kütting (2003) Globalization, Poverty and the Environment in West Africa: Too Poor to Pollute? Global Environmental Politics. 3(4), 42–60 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/152638003322757925>, ISSN 15263800
• Adil Najam (2010) The View from the South: Developing Countries in Global Environmental Politics. In Axelrod, VanDeveer and Downie The Global Environment: Institutions, Law, and Policy. chapter 12, 239–258

6-Mar: 07.1. Science and Risk (129 Pages)

• Bjørn Lomborg (2001) Preface, Language and Measures. In Lomborg The Skeptical Environmentalist. chapterPreface, xix–xxi
• Bjørn Lomborg (2001) Things are getting better. In Lomborg The Skeptical Environmentalist. chapter 1, 3–33
• Bjørn Lomborg (2001) Why do we hear so much bad news? In Lomborg The Skeptical Environmentalist. chapter 2, 34–44
• Sheila Jasanoff (1993) Skinning Scientific Cats. New Statesman& Society.February 26, 29–30
• Kenneth R. Foster, Paolo Vecchia, and Michael H. Repacholi (2000) Risk Management: Science and the Precautionary Principle. Science. 288(5468), 979–981 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.288.5468.979>
• John Rennie (2002) Science defends itself against The Skeptical Environmentalist. In Lomborg Bjørn Lomborg’s comments to the 11-page critique in January 2002 Scientific American (SA), 1–3
• David Pimentel (2002) Skeptical Of the Skeptical Environmentalist. Skeptic. 9(2), 90–94 <http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AN=6299899>, ISSN 10639330
• Roger A. Pielke, Jr. (2004) When Scientists Politicize Science: Making Sense of Controversy over the Skeptical Environmentalist. Environmental Science & Policy. 7(5), 405–417 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2004.06.004>
• Elizabeth R DeSombre (2007) Science, Uncertainty, and Risk. In DeSombre The Global Environment and World Politics. chapter 3, 39–61
• Nancy Myers and John D. Graham (2007) Is the Precautionary Principle a Sound Basis for International Policy? In Thomas A Easton, editor Taking Sides: Clashing Views on Environmental Issues.  12th edition. McGraw-Hill, ISBN 007351442X. chapter 1, 2–19

Cases

• Rolf Lidskog and Göran Sundqvist (2015) When Does Science Matter?: International Relations Meets Science and Technology Studies. Global Environmental Politics. 15(1)January 26, 1–20 <https://muse-jhu-edu.proxy.library.reed.edu/article/566490> – visited on 2017-01-22, ISSN 1536–0091

8-Mar: 07.2. Population (75 Pages)

• Bjørn Lomborg (2001) Measuring human welfare. In Lomborg The Skeptical Environmentalist. chapter 3, 45–49
• Bjørn Lomborg (2001) Life expectancy and health. In Lomborg The Skeptical Environmentalist. chapter 4, 50–59
• Bjørn Lomborg (2001) Food and hunger. In Lomborg The Skeptical Environmentalist. chapter 5, 60–69
• Bjørn Lomborg (2001) Are we living on borrowed time? In Lomborg The Skeptical Environmentalist. chapter 8, 91–92
• Bjørn Lomborg (2001) Will we have enough food. In Lomborg The Skeptical Environmentalist. chapter 9, 93–109
• Paul R. Ehrlich and John P. Holdren (1971) Impact of Population Growth. Science. 171(3977)March 26, 1212–1217 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.171.3977.1212>
• Sally Ethelston (1994) Gender, Population, Environment. Middle East Report.(190)September-October, 2–5 <http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3012458>, ISSN 08992851
• Frederick H. Buttel (2000) Ending Hunger in Developing Countries. Contemporary Sociology. 29(1)January, 13–27 <http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2654928>
• John Bongaarts (2002) Population: Ignoring its Impact. In Lomborg Bjørn Lomborg’s comments to the 11-page critique in January 2002 Scientific American (SA), 20–25

Cases

• John Guillebaud and Pip Hayes (2008) Population Growth and Climate Change. BMJ : British Medical Journal (Online); London. 337July 24 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39575.691343.80>

13-Mar: 08.1. Spring Break

15-Mar: 08.2. Spring Break

20-Mar: 09.1. Economics (Noelwah Netusil) (86 Pages)

• Richard T. Carson (2010) The Environmental Kuznets Curve: Seeking Empirical Regularity and Theoretical Structure. Review of Environmental Economics and Policy. 4(1)January , 3–23 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/reep/rep021>, ISSN 1750–6816
• S. Ambec  et al. (2013) The Porter Hypothesis at 20: Can Environmental Regulation Enhance Innovation and Competitiveness? Review of Environmental Economics and Policy. 7(1)January , 2–22 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/reep/res016>, ISSN 1750–6816, 1750–6824
• Richard G. Newell, William A. Pizer, and Daniel Raimi (2013) Carbon Markets 15 Years after Kyoto: Lessons Learned, New Challenges. Journal of Economic Perspectives. 27(1)February , 123–146 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.27.1.123>, ISSN 0895–3309
• Richard Schmalensee and Robert N. Stavins (2013) The SO2 Allowance Trading System: The Ironic History of a Grand Policy Experiment. Journal of Economic Perspectives. 27(1)February , 103–122 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.27.1.103>, ISSN 0895–3309

Further

• Karen Fisher-Vanden and Sheila Olmstead (2013) Moving Pollution Trading from Air to Water: Potential, Problems, and Prognosis. Journal of Economic Perspectives. 27(1)February , 147–172 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.27.1.147>, ISSN 0895–3309
• Lawrence H. Goulder (2013) Markets for Pollution Allowances: What Are the (New) Lessons? Journal of Economic Perspectives. 27(1)February , 87–102 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.27.1.87>, ISSN 0895–3309

22-Mar: 09.2. Science and Climate Change (Chris Koski) (104 Pages)

• Naomi Oreskes and Erik M Conway (2012) Introduction. In Oreskes and Conway Merchants of Doubt, 1–10
• Naomi Oreskes and Erik M Conway (2012) The Denial of Global Warming. In Oreskes and Conway Merchants of Doubt. chapter 6, 169–215
• Maxwell T. Boykoff (2013) Public Enemy No. 1? Understanding Media Representations of Outlier Views on Climate Change. American Behavioral Scientist. 57(6), 796–817 <http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0002764213476846> – visited on 2017-02-28
• Joshua P. Howe (2014) Introduction: Telling Stories about CO2. In Howe Behind the Curve Science and the Politics of Global Warming. chapter 1, 3–15
• Joshua P. Howe (2014) Epilogue: Climbing out from behind the Curve. In Howe Behind the Curve Science and the Politics of Global Warming, 197–208

Further

• Elizabeth C. McNie (2007) Reconciling the Supply of Scientific Information with User Demands: An Analysis of the Problem and Review of the Literature. Environmental Science & Policy. 10(1)February , 17–38 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2006.10.004>, ISSN 14629011
• Naomi Oreskes and Erik M Conway (2012) Strategic Defense, Phony Facts, and the Creation of the George C. Marshall Institute. In Oreskes and Conway Merchants of Doubt. chapter 2, 36–65

The Litany

27-Mar: 10.1. Security (100 Pages)

• D. Deudney (1990) The Case against Linking Environmental Degradation and National Security. Millennium - Journal of International Studies. 19(3), 461–476 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03058298900190031001>
• Thomas F. Homer-Dixon (1994) Environmental Scarcities and Violent Conflict: Evidence from Cases. International Security. 19(1)Summer, 5–40 <http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2539147>
• Nils Petter Gleditsch (1998) Armed Conflict and the Environment: A Critique of the Literature. Journal of Peace Research. 35(3), 381–400 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343398035003007>, ISSN 00223433
• Sandra L. Postel and Aaron T. Wolf (2001) Dehydrating Conflict. Foreign Policy.(126)September-October, 60–67 <http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3183260>, ISSN 00157228
• Christopher T. Timura (2001) ”Environmental Conflict” and the Social Life of Environmental Security Discourse. Anthropological Quarterly. 74(3)July, 104–113 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/anq.2001.0031>, ISSN 00035491
• Katharina Wick and Erwin Bulte (2009) The Curse of Natural Resources. Annual Review of Resource Economics 1(1)October <http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.resource.050708.144219>, ISSN 19411340

Cases

• Peter H. Gleick (2014) Water, Drought, Climate Change, and Conflict in Syria. Weather, Climate, and Society. 6(3)March 3, 331–340 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/WCAS-D-13-00059.1>, ISSN 1948–8327

Further

• Thomas F. Homer-Dixon (1991) On the Threshold: Environmental Changes as Causes of Acute Conflict. International Security. 16(2), 76–116 <http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2539061>, ISSN 01622889
• Colin H. Kahl (1998) Population Growth, Environmental Degradation, and State-Sponsored Violence: The Case of Kenya, 1991-93. International Security. 23(2)Autumn, 80–119 <http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2539380>
• Idean Salehyan (2008) From Climate Change to Conflict? No Consensus Yet. Journal of Peace Research. 45(3)May 1, 315–326 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343308088812>, ISSN 0022–3433
• Erik Gartzke (2012) Could Climate Change Precipitate Peace? Journal of Peace Research. 49(1)January 1, 177–192 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343311427342>, ISSN 0022–3433

Review

• Robert D. Kaplan (1994) The Coming Anarchy. Atlantic Monthly. 273(2)February, 44–76 <http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AN=9404280908>, ISSN 1072–7825

29-Mar: 10.2. Biodiversity (68 Pages)

• Bjørn Lomborg (2001) Biodiversity. In Lomborg The Skeptical Environmentalist. chapter 23, 249–257
• Alejandro Grajal (1999) Biodiversity and the Nation State: Regulating Access to Genetic Resources Limits Biodiversity Research in Developing Countries. Conservation Biology. 13(1)February, 6–10 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1999.013001006.x>, ISSN 08888892
• Timothy Swanson (1999) Why Is There a Biodiversity Convention? The International Interest in Centralized Development Planning. International Affairs. 75(2)April, 307–331 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2346.00074>
• Thomas Lovejoy (2002) Biodiversity: Dismissing Scientific Process. In Lomborg Bjørn Lomborg’s comments to the 11-page critique in January 2002 Scientific American (SA), 26–32
• Peter Andree (2005) The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety and Shifts in the Discourse of Precaution. Global Environmental Politics. 5(4), 25–46

Further

• G. Kristin Rosendal (2001) Impacts of Overlapping International Regimes: The Case of Biodiversity. Global Governance. 7, 95–117
• Joshua Ginsberg (2004) Enhancement of Survival or Abandonment of the Endangered Species Act? Bioscience. 54(3), 180–181 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0180:EOSOAO]2.0.CO;2>, ISSN 00063568

3-Apr: 11.1. Waste and Chemical Toxins (121 Pages)

• Bjørn Lomborg (2001) Water pollution. In Lomborg The Skeptical Environmentalist. chapter 19, 189–205
• Bjørn Lomborg (2001) Waste: running out of space? In Lomborg The Skeptical Environmentalist. chapter 20, 206–209
• Bjørn Lomborg (2001) Our chemical fears. In Lomborg The Skeptical Environmentalist. chapter 22, 215–248
• Jonathan Krueger and Henrik Selin (2002) Governance for Sound Chemicals Management: The Need for a More Comprehensive Global Strategy. Global Governance. 8, 323–342
• Pamela S. Chasek, David Leonard Downie, and Janet Welsh Brown (2010) The Development of Environmental Regimes: Air Pollution, Hazardous Wastes, and Toxic Chemicals. In Chasek, Downie and Brown Global Environmental Politics, 117–162

Further

• David Victor (1998) ’Learning by Doing’ in the Nonbinding International Regime to Manage Trade in Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides. In David G Victor, Kal Raustiala and Eugene B Skolnikoff, editors The Implementation and Effectiveness of International Environmental Commitments.  Laxenburg, Austria; Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press <http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48138983>, ISBN 0585373469, 221–281

5-Apr: 11.2. LRTAP (111 Pages)

• Bjørn Lomborg (2001) Air pollution. In Lomborg The Skeptical Environmentalist. chapter 15, 163–177
• Bjørn Lomborg (2001) Acid rain and forest death. In Lomborg The Skeptical Environmentalist. chapter 16, 178–181
• Bjørn Lomborg (2001) Indoor air pollution. In Lomborg The Skeptical Environmentalist. chapter 17, 182–184
• Bjørn Lomborg (2001) Allergies and asthma. In Lomborg The Skeptical Environmentalist. chapter 18, 185–188
• Maarten A. Hajer (1993) Discourse Coalitons and the Institutionalization of Practice: The Case of Acid Rain in Great Britain. In Frank Fischer and John Forester, editors The Argumentative Turn in Policy Analysis and Planning.  Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 43–76
• Rolf Lidskog and Göran Sundqvist (2002) The Role of Science in Environmental Regimes: The Case of LRTAP. European Journal of International Relations. , 77–101 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354066102008001003>
• Henrik Selin and Noelle Eckley (2003) Science, Politics, and Persistent Organic Pollutants: The Role of Scientific Assessments in International Environmental Co-Operation. International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics. 3(1), 17–42 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021355802732>

10-Apr: 12.1. Water (129 Pages)

• Bjørn Lomborg (2001) Water. In Lomborg The Skeptical Environmentalist. chapter 13, 149–158
• Peter Gleick (1998) The world’s water. Issues in Science & Technology. 14(4)Summer, 80–82, ISSN 07485492
• Ken Conca (2005) The Ecology of Human Rights: Anti-Dam Activism and Watershed Democracy. In Conca Governing Water. chapter 6, 167–214
• Ken Conca (2005) Invisible Hand, Invisible Fist: The Transnational Politics of Water Marketization. In Conca Governing Water. chapter 7, 215–256
• Mark Zeitoun and Jeroen Warner (2006) Hydro-Hegemony-a Framework for Analysis of Trans-Boundary Water Conflicts. Water Policy. 8(5), 435–460

Further

• Sanjeev Khagram (2003) Neither Temples nor Tombs: A Global Analysis of Large Dams. Environment. 45(4), 28–37, ISSN 00139157
• Navroz K. Dubash (2009) Global Norms through Global Deliberation? Reflections on the World Commission on Dams. Global Governance. 15(2), 219–238, ISSN 10752846

12-Apr: 12.2. Deserts (76 Pages)

• Pamela S. Chasek (1997) The Convention to Combat Desertification: Lessons Learned for Sustainable Development. Journal of Environment & Development. , 147–169 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107049659700600204>
• Adil Najam (2004) Dynamics of the Southern Collective: Developing Countries in Desertification Negotiations. Global Environmental Politics. 4(3), 128–154 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/1526380041748100>
• Steffen Bauer and Lindsay C. Stringer (2008) Science and Policy in the Global Governance of Desertification. Global Governance Project Global Governance Working Paper 35, 26 pages

17-Apr: 13.1. Forests (66 Pages)

• Bjørn Lomborg (2001) Forests - are we losing them? In Lomborg The Skeptical Environmentalist. chapter 10, 110–117
• Corey L. Lofdahl (1998) On the Environmental Externalities of Global Trade. International Political Science Review / Revue internationale de science politique. 19(4)October, 339–355 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019251298019004001>, ISSN 01925121
• G. K Rosendal (2001) Overlapping International Regimes: The Case of the Intergovernmental Forum on Forests (IFF) between Climate Change and Biodiversity. International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics. 1(4), 447–468, ISSN 1567–9764
• Sander Chan and Philipp Pattberg (2008) Private Rule-Making and the Politics of Accountability: Analyzing Global Forest Governance. Global Environmental Politics. 8(3), 103–121 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep.2008.8.3.103>

19-Apr: 13.2. Ozone (106 Pages)

• Peter M. Haas (1992) Banning Chlorofluorocarbons: Epistemic Community Efforts to Protect Stratospheric Ozone. International Organization. 46(1)Winter, 187–224 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S002081830000148X>
• Karen T. Litfin (1995) Framing Science: Precautionary Discourse and the Ozone Treaties. Millenium: Journal of International Studies. 24(2), 251–277
• Elizabeth C. Weatherhead and Signe Bech Andersen (2006) The search for signs of recovery of the ozone layer. Nature. 441(7089)May , 39–45 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature04746>, ISSN 0028–0836
• Elizabeth R DeSombre (2007) Ozone Depletion and Climate Change. In DeSombre The Global Environment and World Politics. chapter 6, 112–145

Further

• Frank Biermann (1997) Financing Environmental Policies in the South - Experiences from the Multilateral Ozone Fund. International Environmental Affairs. 9(3), 179–218, ISSN 1041–4665

24-Apr: 14.1. Energy (104 Pages)

• Bjørn Lomborg (2001) Energy. In Lomborg The Skeptical Environmentalist. chapter 11, 118–136
• John P. Holdren (2002) Energy: Asking the Wrong Question. In Lomborg Bjørn Lomborg’s comments to the 11-page critique in January 2002 Scientific American (SA), 15–19
• John M. Deutch and Ernest J. Moniz (2006) The Nuclear Option. Scientific American. 295(3), 76–83 <http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AN=21848021>, ISSN 00368733
• Daniel M. Kammen (2006) The Rise of Renewable Energy. Scientific American. 295(3), 84–93 <http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AN=21848025>, ISSN 00368733
• Robert H. Socolow and Stephen W. Pacala (2006) A Plan to Keep Carbon in Check. Scientific American. 295(3), 50–57 <http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AN=21847999>, ISSN 00368733
• Simone Pulver (2007) Making Sense of Corporate Environmentalism. Organization & Environment. 20(1), 44–83 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1086026607300246>
• Robert H. Socolow and Alexander Glaser (2009) Balancing Risks: Nuclear Energy & Climate Change. Daedalus. 138(4), 31–44 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed.2009.138.4.31>

26-Apr: 14.2. Justice (81 Pages)

• Sylvia N. Tesh and Bruce A. Williams (1996) Identity Politics, Disinterested Politics, and Environmental Justice. Polity. 28(3), 285–305 <http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3235374>, ISSN 00323497
• Gwyn Kirk (1997) Ecofeminism and Environmental Justice: Bridges across Gender, Race, and Class. Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies. 18(2, Intersections of Feminisms and Environmentalisms), 2–20 <http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3346962>, ISSN 01609009
• Michael F. Maniates (2001) Individualization: Plant a tree, buy a bike, save the world? Global Environmental Politics. 1(3)August, 31–52 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/152638001316881395>
• Julian Agyeman and Tom Evans (2003) Toward Just Sustainability in Urban Communities: Building Equity Rights with Sustainable Solutions. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 590November, 35–53 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716203256565>, ISSN 00027162

Further Reading

This Summer: 15.1. Climate (125 Pages)

• Bjørn Lomborg (2001) Global warming. In Lomborg The Skeptical Environmentalist. chapter 24, 258–326
• Stephen Schneider (2002) Global Warming: Neglecting the Complexities. In Lomborg Bjørn Lomborg’s comments to the 11-page critique in January 2002 Scientific American (SA), 4–14
• Adil Najam, Saleemul Huq, and Youba Sokona (2003) Climate Negotiations beyond Kyoto: Developing Countries Concerns and Interests. Climate Policy. 3(3), 221–231 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1469-3062(03)00057-3>, ISSN 1469–3062
• Frank Biermann  et al. (2009) The Fragmentation of Global Governance Architectures: A Framework for Analysis. Global Environmental Politics. 9(4), 14–40 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep.2009.9.4.14>
• Radoslav S. Dimitrov (2010) Inside Copenhagen: The State of Climate Governance. Global Environmental Politics. 10(2), 18–24 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep.2010.10.2.18>

Review

• Gulbrandsen and Andresen, 54–75
• DeSombre Ozone Depletion and Climate Change, 112–145

This Summer: 15.2. The Future (105 Pages)

• Bjørn Lomborg (2001) Conclusion (Unprecedented Human Prosperity). In Lomborg The Skeptical Environmentalist. chapter 7, 87–90
• Bjørn Lomborg (2001) Conclusion (Continued Prosperity). In Lomborg The Skeptical Environmentalist. chapter 14, 159–162
• Bjørn Lomborg (2001) Conclusion (Pollution). In Lomborg The Skeptical Environmentalist. chapter 21, 210–214
• Bjørn Lomborg (2001) Predicament or progress? In Lomborg The Skeptical Environmentalist. chapter 25, 327–352
• Kate O’Neill (2009) Conclusions: The Environment and International Relations in the Twenty-First Century. In O’Neill The Environment and International Relations. chapter 8, 197–211
• Adil Najam, Ioli Christopoulou, and William R. Moomaw (2004) The Emergent “System” of Global Environmental Governance. Global Environmental Politics. 4(4)November, 23–35 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep.2004.4.4.23>
• Ronald B. Mitchell (2010) The Future of International Environmental Politics. In Mitchell International Politics and the Environment. chapter 7, 181–206
• Kate O’Neill (2017) Conclusions: The Environment and International Relations in the Twenty-First Century. In O’Neill The Environment and International Relations. chapter 9, 232–243

This Summer: 15.3. Markets (119 Pages)

• Robert MacNeil (2016) Death and Environmental Taxes: Why Market Environmentalism Fails in Liberal Market Economies. Global Environmental Politics. 16(1)February 6, 21–37 <https://muse-jhu-edu.proxy.library.reed.edu/article/608855> – visited on 2017-01-22, ISSN 1536–0091
• Philip Schleifer (2016) Private Governance Undermined: India and the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil. Global Environmental Politics. 16(1)February 6, 38–58 <https://muse-jhu-edu.proxy.library.reed.edu/article/608856> – visited on 2017-01-22, ISSN 1536–0091
• Kate O’Neill (2017) The Global Politics of Market Mechanisms. In O’Neill The Environment and International Relations. chapter 8, 201–231

Cases

• Jonas Meckling (2011) The Globalization of Carbon Trading: Transnational Business Coalitions in Climate Politics. Global Environmental Politics. 11(2)April 22, 26–50 <https://muse-jhu-edu.proxy.library.reed.edu/article/428887> – visited on 2017-01-22, ISSN 1536–0091
• Jessica F. Green (2013) Order out of Chaos: Public and Private Rules for Managing Carbon. Global Environmental Politics. 13(2)May 3, 1–25 <https://muse-jhu-edu.proxy.library.reed.edu/article/506211> – visited on 2017-01-22, ISSN 1536–0091

This Summer: 15.4. Whaling (115 Pages)

• M. J. Peterson (1992) Whalers, Cetologists, Environmentalists, and the International Management of Whaling. International Organization. 46(1)Winter, 147–186 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818300001478>
• Ronald B Mitchell (1998) Discourse and Sovereignty: Interests, Science, and Morality in the Regulation of Whaling. Global Governance. 4, 275–293
• Charlotte Epstein (2006) The Making of Global Environmental Norms: Endangered Species Protection. Global Environmental Politics. 6(2), 32–54
• Elizabeth R DeSombre (2007) Whaling and Whale Conservation. In DeSombre The Global Environment and World Politics. chapter 7, 146–178