Course Description and Goals
This course examines the historical evolution of war from a theoretical and normative perspective. What elements of war
have changed over time, and what core precepts remain the same? What advances the technology of war, and how do
these advances alter the conduct and outcomes of war? Why have some weapons been deemed cruel and inhumane at
times and merciful at others? Who fights, and who suffers? We will explore the interrelationships among military
technology, society, politics, and war, asking how different forces have shaped warfare from antiquity to the present.
Prerequisite: one 200-level course in political science, one course from History 300–308, or consent of the instructor.
Conference.
Students will learn to perform basic research and analysis through writing and thinking about conflict from multiple different
perspectives. Readings are drawn from historic and contemporary scholars of weapons, technology, and war, cover a wide
variety of issues, and are presented in historical order. Assignments are a mixture of analysis, research, and experiential
learning.
Requirements
Class Participation
Students are required to actively participate in the class; they will have the opportunity to do so both during and outside of classroom
hours. Beginning the third week of class, each student will be assigned to three days during the semester in which they will author a
short reaction memo (300–400 words) expressing an opinion about that day’s readings. These are NOT summaries; rather, they should
attempt to agree or disagree with or compare and contrast the readings. This should be posted in the forums on the course website by 8
PM the day before the readings are to be discussed. ALL students are required to read the memos and be prepared
to respond to them the next day in class. Students are encouraged to respond to the postings online as part of their
participation.
Readings
Readings for the course are drawn from books available at the bookstore as well as E-Readings, which can be downloaded off the
course website. E-Readings can be downloaded from the Moodle links using Endnote or Zotero, both of which are supported by the
library. Students are expected to bring a copy of the readings to class every day for reference. Laptops are not permitted in class unless
you are taking notes and are willing to post those notes at the end of class to the Moodle site; tablets are permitted (and, in fact,
encouraged). Readings marked “Further” are other relevant articles; they are not required for class. Students who have a
particular interest in the topics in question are encouraged to read these articles and to incorporate them into their
assignments.
Four books are for sale at the bookstore and are also on reserve at the library. The library has a number of copies of Keegan and Ropp
in addition to the reserve copies. Since we will be reading all four throughout the semester, I strongly recommend buying copies of all
four; any edition of any book will suffice. All but Biddle are available used on Amazon for essentially the cost of shipping. For further
reading, Van Creveld is an entertaining source.
Required
- Theodore Ropp (1962) War in the Modern World. New rev. edition. New York, NY: Collier Books, ISBN
0801864453
- Bernard Brodie and Fawn McKay Brodie (1973) From Crossbow to H-Bomb. Bloomington: Indiana University Press
<http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/638395>, ISBN 0253324904
- John Keegan (1976) The Face of Battle. New York, NY <http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/2137107>, ISBN
0670304328
- Stephen D. Biddle (2004) Military Power: Explaining Victory and Defeat in Modern Battle. Princeton, NJ: Princeton
University Press <http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/69022215>, ISBN 0691128022
|
Recommended
- Martin Levi van Creveld (1989) Technology and War: From 2000 B.C. to the Present. New York, NY: Free Press,
ISBN 002933151X
|
Course Website
Frequent reading of the course website will be helpful for success in the class. Discussion and collaboration with your peers is
available to you through the website as well as in class; supplemental and core readings will be made available there; and assignments
will be turned in electronically using the site.
Assignments and Quals
There are two formal assignments for this course. More details regarding the assignments will be available later. If you intend to qual
in this course, you must let me know the first day. In general, I look for four things in an essay: A clear argument in the
introductory paragraph, an explanation of the theories that you will be using, an illustration of your argument with
direct examples, and a conclusion that discusses the implications of your findings. Note that word counts include your
bibliography.
-
The
first
assignment
(due
Sunday,
March
1)
will
be
a
short
(1500–2000
word)
essay.
-
The
second
assignment
(due
Monday,
May
11)
will
be
a
longer
(2000–3000
word)
essay.
Recommended Films
Due to restrictions on what can be demanded of students and liability problems, it is impossible for Reed College to send you to war
(Your own government, on the other hand, is an entirely different matter). Consequently, the best we can do is to read about it and
watch films. Below is a selection of films that you may find edifying. If time and enthusiasm permits, we may screen some of these
during the semester.
|
|
| pre-20th Century Warfare | World War I |
|
|
| Henry V (Agincourt, 1415) | Paths of Glory |
| Glory (American Civil War, 1863) | All Quiet on the Western Front |
| Gettysburg (American Civil War, 1863) | Gallipoli |
| Zulu (Zulu War, 1879) | Joyeux Noel |
| Breaker Morant (Boer War, late 1800s) | Lawrence of Arabia |
|
|
| World War II | Korea/Vietnam |
|
|
| Thin Red Line | Pork Chop Hill |
| Saving Private Ryan | The Bridges at Toko-Ri |
| Das Boot | Apocalypse Now |
| Patton | Platoon |
| Bridge on the River Kwai | Full Metal Jacket |
|
|
| Cold War | Contemporary Warfare |
|
|
| Dr. Strangelove | Black Hawk Down |
| The Killing Fields | Three Kings |
| Crimson Tide | Hotel Rwanda |
| Battle of Algiers | No Mans Land |
| Thirteen Days | The Hurt Locker |
|
|
| |
Citation and Plagiarism
A major goal of this course is to encourage good reading, research, and citation habits. Good research requires good documentation of
sources and the ability to put one’s own analysis and thoughts into a paper rather than relying on others. When in doubt as to whether
you should cite something, always do it. Citations are required for ideas as well as facts, and are imperative even if you are not directly
quoting authors. Make sure that you provide as specific a citation as possible; if an author discusses an idea in one
section or one page, cite the specific section or page instead of the full article or book. I usually recommend that
students use in-text author-date citation with full Chicago Manual of Style citations; see their Citation Quick Guide: <http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools˙citationguide.html>.
However, style is less important than the cites being present. If you use an idea or a fact without attribution, you are plagiarizing
someone else’s work. Plagiarism and cheating are violations of academic integrity and thus violations of Reed’s Honor Principle. As
specified by Reed’s academic conduct policy, such violations will result in disciplinary actions, including suspension or permanent
dismissal from the College. Plagiarism is submitting a piece of work which in part or in whole is not entirely the student’s own work
without attributing those same portions to their correct source. For examples of plagiarism and how to avoid it, see <http://www.csub.edu/ssric-trd/howto/plagiarism.htm>. If nothing else, you should avoid “sinister buttocks” syndrome. For more
information on Reed’s policies see: <http://www.reed.edu/academic/gbook/comm˙pol/acad˙conduct.html>.
Plagiarism often comes as the result of a student being up against a deadline without being able to meet it. If you are having trouble
meeting a deadline for whatever reason, please contact me. Because every assignment is a paper that will be handed out well in
advance, I have no problem giving extensions. It is always better to ask for more time than to plagiarize. When you ask for an
extension, you should a)explain what events are causing you to miss the deadline and b)request an amount of time proportional to the
interfering events. You may ask for an extension up to, but not exceeding, the amount of time remaining for the assignment, except for
cases of emergencies.
Accommodations
If you’d like to request academic accommodations due to a disability, please contact Disability Support Services. If you have a letter
from Student Services, please let me know so we can discuss those accommodations.
Theories of Outcomes, Conduct, and Technology
26-Jan: 01.1. Introduction
28-Jan: 01.2. Outcomes (81 Pages)
-
Stephen D.
Biddle (2004)
Introduction. In
Biddle
Military
Power. chapter 1,
1–13
-
Stephen D.
Biddle (2004)
A
Literature
Built
on
Weak
Foundations. In
Biddle
Military
Power. chapter 2,
14–27
-
Allan Reed
Millett,
Williamson
Murray,
and
Kenneth H.
Watman (1988)
The
Effectiveness
of
Military
Organizations. In
Millett
and
Murray
Military
effectiveness. chapter 1,
1–30
-
D. Scott
Bennett
and
Allan C.
Stam (1998)
The
Declining
Advantages
of
Democracy:
A
Combined
Model
of
War
Outcomes
and
Duration. Journal
of
Conflict
Resolution. 42(3)June,
344–366
<http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002798042003007>
-
Kenneth N.
Waltz (2003)
Fair
Fights
or
Pointless
Wars?
International
Security. 28(3)Winter,
181–181
<http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/016228803773100129>
2-Feb: 02.1. Conduct (137 Pages)
-
Barry
Posen (1984)
Chap. 1-2
in
The
Sources
of
Military
Doctrine:
France,
Britain,
and
Germany
between
the
World
Wars. Ithaca,
NY:
Cornell
University
Press,
Cornell
studies
in
security
affairs,
13–80,
ISBN
0801416337
-
Richard M.
Price
and
Nina
Tannenwald (1996)
Norms
and
Deterrence:
The
Nuclear
and
Chemical
Weapons
Taboos. In
Katzenstein
The
Culture
of
National
Security. chapter 4,
114–152
-
Beth
Kier (1996)
Culture
and
French
Military
Doctrine
before
World
War
II. In
Katzenstein
The
Culture
of
National
Security. chapter 6,
186–215
Further
-
Martin Levi
van Creveld (1989)
The
Rise
of
Professionalism. In
van
Creveld
Technology
and
War. chapter 10,
137–152
-
John
Keegan (1976)
Old,
Unhappy,
Far-off
Things. In
Keegan
The
Face
of
Battle. chapter 1,
15–78
-
Dan
Reiter
and
Curtis
Meek (1999)
Determinants
of
Military
Strategy,
1903-1994:
A
Quantitative
Empirical
Test. International
Studies
Quarterly. 43(2)June,
363–387
<http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0020-8833.00124>,
ISSN
00208833
-
Theodore
Ropp (1962)
Introduction. In
Ropp
War
in
the
Modern
World,
11–18
4-Feb: 02.2. Technology (96 Pages)
-
Bernard
Brodie
and
Fawn McKay
Brodie (1973)
Introduction. In
Brodie
and
Brodie
From
Crossbow
to
H-Bomb,
7–13
-
Irving Brinton
Holley (1953)
The
Development
of
Weapons:
Procedures
and
Doctrine. In
Ideas
and
Weapons.
Washington,
DC:
Yale
University
Press,
ISBN
0912799110. chapter 1,
4–22
-
Martin Levi
van Creveld (1989)
Irrational
Technology. In
van
Creveld
Technology
and
War. chapter 5,
67–80
-
Martin Levi
van Creveld (1989)
The
Invention
of
Innovation. In
van
Creveld
Technology
and
War. chapter 15,
217–234
-
Mark C.
Suchman
and
Dana P.
Eyre (1992)
Military
Procurement
as
Rational
Myth:
Notes
on
the
Social
Construction
of
Weapons
Proliferation. Sociological
Forum. 7(1),
137–161
<http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01124759>
-
Andrew F.
Krepinevich (1994)
Cavalry
to
computer;
the
pattern
of
military
revolutions. National
Interest.(37)Fall,
30–42
Further
-
Martin Levi
van Creveld (1989)
Introduction. In
van
Creveld
Technology
and
War,
1–8
War before 1900
9-Feb: 03.1. War Before 1450 (156 Pages)
-
Bernard
Brodie
and
Fawn McKay
Brodie (1973)
Antiquity. In
Brodie
and
Brodie
From
Crossbow
to
H-Bomb. chapter 1,
14–27
-
Bernard
Brodie
and
Fawn McKay
Brodie (1973)
The
Middle
Ages. In
Brodie
and
Brodie
From
Crossbow
to
H-Bomb. chapter 2,
28–40
-
Lynn
White (1962)
Stirrup,
Mounted
Shock
Combat,
Feudalism,
and
Chivalry. In
Medieval
Technology
and
Social
Change.
Oxford
University
Press. chapter 1,
1–37
-
Ronald
Hilton (1963)
Technical
Determinism:
The
Stirrup
and
the
Plough. Past
and
Present. 24,
90–100
<http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/past/24.1.95>
-
Robert D.
Luginbill (1994)
Othismos:
The
Importance
of
the
Mass-Shove
in
Hoplite
Warfare. Phoenix. 48(1)Spring,
51–61
<http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1192506>,
ISSN
00318299
-
A.K.
Goldsworthy (1997)
The
Othismos,
Myths
and
Heresies:
The
Nature
of
Hoplite
Battle. War
in
History. 4(1),
1–26,
ISSN
09683445
-
Ellen
Millender (2015)
The
Greek
Battlefield:
Classical
Sparta
and
the
Spectacle
of
Hoplite
Warfare.
Further
-
Martin Levi
van Creveld (1989)
Field
Warfare. In
van
Creveld
Technology
and
War. chapter 1,
9–24
-
Martin Levi
van Creveld (1989)
Siege
Warfare. In
van
Creveld
Technology
and
War. chapter 2,
25–36
-
Martin Levi
van Creveld (1989)
The
Infrastructure
of
War. In
van
Creveld
Technology
and
War. chapter 3,
37–50
-
Martin Levi
van Creveld (1989)
Naval
Warfare. In
van
Creveld
Technology
and
War. chapter 4,
51–66
11-Feb: 03.2. Agincourt 1415 and the Hundred Years War (88 Pages)
-
John
Keegan (1976)
Agincourt,
October
25th,
1415. In
Keegan
The
Face
of
Battle. chapter 2,
79–116
-
M. M.
Postan (1942)
Some
Social
Consequences
of
the
Hundred
Years’
War. Economic
History
Review. 12(1/2),
1–12
<http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2590387>,
ISSN
00130117
-
Clifford J.
Rogers (1993)
The
Military
Revolutions
of
the
Hundred
Years’
War. Journal
of
Military
History. 57(2)April,
241–278
<http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2944058>,
ISSN
08993718
16-Feb: 04.1. War 1450-1830 (124 Pages)
-
Theodore
Ropp (1962)
Land
Warfare
from
the
Renaissance
to
the
Neoclassical
Age
(1415-1789). In
Ropp
War
in
the
Modern
World. chapter 1,
19–59
-
Bernard
Brodie
and
Fawn McKay
Brodie (1973)
The
Impact
of
Gunpowder. In
Brodie
and
Brodie
From
Crossbow
to
H-Bomb. chapter 3,
41–73
-
Bernard
Brodie
and
Fawn McKay
Brodie (1973)
War
and
Science
in
the
17th
Century. In
Brodie
and
Brodie
From
Crossbow
to
H-Bomb. chapter 4,
74–99
-
Bernard
Brodie
and
Fawn McKay
Brodie (1973)
The
18th
Century
and
Napoleonic
Wars. In
Brodie
and
Brodie
From
Crossbow
to
H-Bomb. chapter 5,
100–123
Further
-
Martin Levi
van Creveld (1989)
Field
Warfare. In
van
Creveld
Technology
and
War. chapter 6,
81–98
-
Martin Levi
van Creveld (1989)
Siege
Warfare. In
van
Creveld
Technology
and
War. chapter 7,
99–110
-
Martin Levi
van Creveld (1989)
The
Infrastructure
of
War. In
van
Creveld
Technology
and
War. chapter 8,
111–124
-
Martin Levi
van Creveld (1989)
Command
of
the
Sea. In
van
Creveld
Technology
and
War. chapter 9,
125–136
-
Philip A.
Crowl (1986)
Alfred
Thayer
Mahan:
The
Naval
Historian. In
Paret,
Craig
and
Gilbert
Makers
of
Modern
Strategy. chapter 16,
444–480
-
Theodore
Ropp (1962)
Naval
Warfare
from
the
Renaissance
to
the
Neoclassical
Age
(1417-1789). In
Ropp
War
in
the
Modern
World. chapter 2,
60–75
-
Theodore
Ropp (1962)
The
Anglo-American
Military
Tradition. In
Ropp
War
in
the
Modern
World. chapter 3,
76–97
18-Feb: 04.2. No Class
23-Feb: 05.1. Waterloo 1815 and the Napoleonic Wars (132 Pages)
-
Theodore
Ropp (1962)
The
French
Revolution
and
Napoleon. In
Ropp
War
in
the
Modern
World. chapter 4,
98–142
-
John
Keegan (1976)
Waterloo,
June
18th,
1815. In
Keegan
The
Face
of
Battle. chapter 3,
117–203
25-Feb: 05.2. War 1815-1900 (131 Pages)
-
Theodore
Ropp (1962)
The
First
Half
of
the
Nineteenth
Century
(1815-1853). In
Ropp
War
in
the
Modern
World. chapter 5,
143–160
-
Theodore
Ropp (1962)
The
Wars
of
the
Mid-Nineteenth
Century
(1854-1871). In
Ropp
War
in
the
Modern
World. chapter 6,
161–194
-
Bernard
Brodie
and
Fawn McKay
Brodie (1973)
The
19th
Century. In
Brodie
and
Brodie
From
Crossbow
to
H-Bomb. chapter 6,
124–171
-
Peter
Paret (1986)
Clausewitz. In
Paret,
Craig
and
Gilbert
Makers
of
Modern
Strategy. chapter 7,
186–216
Further
-
Martin Levi
van Creveld (1989)
Mobilization
Warfare. In
van
Creveld
Technology
and
War. chapter 11,
153–166
-
Martin Levi
van Creveld (1989)
Land
Warfare. In
van
Creveld
Technology
and
War. chapter 12,
167–182
-
Martin Levi
van Creveld (1989)
Command
of
the
Air. In
van
Creveld
Technology
and
War. chapter 13,
183–198
-
Martin Levi
van Creveld (1989)
Sea
Warfare. In
van
Creveld
Technology
and
War. chapter 14,
199–216
War between 1900 and 1945
2-Mar: 06.1. Gettysburg 1863 and the American Civil War (98 Pages)
-
Timothy H.
Donovan (1982)
Gettysburg. In
The
American
Civil
War.
Wayne,
NJ:
Avery
Pub.
Group,
The
West
Point
military
history
series,
ISBN
0895293188. chapter 8,
225–260
-
Craig L.
Symonds (1992)
Gettysburg,
a
battlefield
atlas. Baltimore,
MD:
Nautical
and
Aviation
Pub.
Co.
of
America,
29.
Pages
0-1,
14-15,
22-23,
30-31,
48-51,
56-57,
68-73,
84-90,
96-97,
ISBN
187785316X
-
Williamson
Murray (2001)
What
Took
the
North
So
Long?
In
Donald
and
Cowley
With
My
Face
to
the
Enemy:
Perspectives
on
the
Civil
War:
Essays,
59–71
-
Gideon
Rose
and
Glenn W.
LaFantasie (2001)
The
Antagonists
of
Little
Round
Top. In
Donald
and
Cowley
With
My
Face
to
the
Enemy:
Perspectives
on
the
Civil
War:
Essays,
218–237
-
National
Park
Service (2014)
Give
Em
Blizzards. August
31
Department
of
the
Interior.
Access
date
<http://www.nps.gov/vick/forteachers/upload/Give%20Em%20Blizzards.pdf> –
visited
on
2013-09-23
-
National
Park
Service (2014)
Organization
of
the
Civil
War
Armies. August
31
Department
of
the
Interior.
Access
date
<http://www.nps.gov/vick/forteachers/sitebulletins.htm> –
visited
on
2013-09-23
4-Mar: 06.2. War at the turn of the Century (114 Pages)
-
Theodore
Ropp (1962)
The
Years
of
Uneasy
Peace
(1871-1914). In
Ropp
War
in
the
Modern
World. chapter 7,
195–238
-
Ernest Dunlop
Swinton (1986)
The
defence
of
Duffer’s
Drift. Wayne,
NJ:
Avery
Pub.
Group,
3–72,
ISBN
0895293234
9-Mar: 07.1. World War I Part 1 (160 Pages)
-
Theodore
Ropp (1962)
The
First
World
War. In
Ropp
War
in
the
Modern
World. chapter 8,
239–274
-
Bernard
Brodie
and
Fawn McKay
Brodie (1973)
World
War
One,
the
Use
and
Non-Use
of
Science. In
Brodie
and
Brodie
From
Crossbow
to
H-Bomb. chapter 7,
172–199
-
Stephen D.
Biddle (2004)
The
Modern
System. In
Biddle
Military
Power. chapter 3,
28–51
-
Stephen D.
Biddle (2004)
The
Modern
System,
Preponderance,
and
Changing
Technology. In
Biddle
Military
Power. chapter 4,
52–77
-
Paul M.
Kennedy (1988)
Military
Effectiveness
in
the
First
World
War. In
Millett
and
Murray
Military
effectiveness. chapter 9,
329–350
-
Russell F.
Weigley (1988)
The
Political
and
Strategic
Dimensions
of
Military
Effectiveness. In
Millett
and
Murray
Military
effectiveness. chapter 10,
341–364
Further
11-Mar: 07.2. World War I Part 2 - The Somme (111 Pages)
-
John
Keegan (1976)
The
Somme,
July
1st,
1916. In
Keegan
The
Face
of
Battle. chapter 4,
204–284
-
Stephen D.
Biddle (2004)
Operation
Michael—the
Second
Battle
of
the
Somme,
March
21–April
9,
1918. In
Biddle
Military
Power. chapter 5,
78–107
16-Mar: 08.1. World War II Part 1 (130 Pages)
-
Bernard
Brodie
and
Fawn McKay
Brodie (1973)
World
War
Two. In
Brodie
and
Brodie
From
Crossbow
to
H-Bomb. chapter 8,
200–232
-
Phillip A.
Karber et al. (1979)
Assessing
the
Correlation
of
Forces:
France,
1940. BDM
Corporation
Technical
report
,
54
pages
-
Earl F.
Ziemke (1988)
Military
Effectiveness
in
the
Second
World
War. In
Millett
and
Murray
Military
effectiveness. chapter 8,
277–319
Further
-
Jeffrey W.
Legro (1997)
Which
Norms
Matter?
Revisiting
the
”Failure”
of
Internationalism. International
Organization. 51(1)Winter,
31–63
<http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002081897550294>
-
Theodore
Ropp (1962)
The
Long
Armistice
(1919-1939). In
Ropp
War
in
the
Modern
World. chapter 9,
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18-Mar: 08.2. World War II Part 2 - Normandy (80 Pages)
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23-Mar: 09.1. Spring Break
25-Mar: 09.2. Spring Break
War After World War II
30-Mar: 10.1. Conflict Post-WWII (128 Pages)
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Bernard
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Bernard
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The
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Martin Levi
van Creveld (1989)
Make-Believe
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van Creveld (1989)
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1-Apr: 10.2. Vietnam (122 Pages)
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6-Apr: 11.1. Gulf War (145 Pages)
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8-Apr: 11.2. Kosovo and Afghanistan (113 Pages)
Further
13-Apr: 12.1. Lebanon (113 Pages)
Further
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Bronner (2010)
Israel
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to
Challenge
a
U.N.
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on
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Times.January
24,
3,
ISSN
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Richard
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Report
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the
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Executive
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15-Apr: 12.2. A Revolution in Military Affairs? (106 Pages)
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Eliot A.
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Lawrence
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A
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of
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a
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Michael
Horowitz
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Stephen
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Stephen D.
Biddle (2004)
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150–180
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Stephen D.
Biddle (2004)
Experimental
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Contemporary Issues
20-Apr: 13.1. Who Suffers? (114 Pages)
Further
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Boose (2002)
Crossing
the
River
Drina:
Bosnian
Rape
Camps,
Turkish
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and
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ISSN
00979740
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Dara Kay
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22-Apr: 13.2. Who Fights? (96 Pages)
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Elizabeth
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Christopher
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<http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03058298000290021101>
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Jean Bethke
Elshtain (2000)
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<http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03058298000290021201>
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Further
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Aaron
Belkin
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Melissa Sheridan
Embser-Herbert (2002)
A
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Proposal:
Privacy
as
a
Flawed
Rationale
for
the
Exclusion
of
Gays
and
Lesbians
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the
U.S.
Military. International
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178–197
<http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/016228802760987860>
27-Apr: 14.1. TechnoWar (98 Pages)
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Peter W.
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Robots
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Elisabeth
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We
Have
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the
Enemy
and
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is
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3
<https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/27/world/27powerpoint.html> –
visited
on
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ISSN
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Malcolm
Gladwell (2010)
Small
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visited
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Brandon
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The
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4
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visited
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Erik
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41–73
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Michael Joseph
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Silent
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11
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visited
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Caroline
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War:
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535–552
<http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0305829813483350>,
ISSN
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1477–9021
29-Apr: 14.2. Future of War (81 Pages)
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James
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37–48
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ISSN
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Jason
Armagost (2009)
Things
to
Pack
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Bound
for
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from
the
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Richard
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the
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Jeffrey A.
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Further
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Stephen
Biddle (1998)
The
Past
as
Prologue:
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Theories
of
Future
Warfare. Security
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1–74
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Martin Levi
van Creveld (1989)
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The
Logic
of
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and
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Creveld
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War. chapter 21,
311–320
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John
Keegan (1976)
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285–336