Course Description and Goals
This course examines contemporary problems of war and peace from a historical and theoretical perspective. What were the causes of
war in the past and what can we learn from that experience? What strategies do actors in the international system use to employ force,
and how have they changed in the nuclear age? What are the current problems facing decisionmakers today? The course begins with a
review of political, psychological, organizational, and economic theories of the causes of war, then uses these theories to examine the
origins and character of both historical and contemporary conflicts, including the First and Second World Wars and
the Iraq War. It continues by examining the effects on conflict of the nuclear revolution. The course concludes by
examining the major contemporary threats to national and international security that may be faced in the coming
decade.
Students will learn to perform basic research and analysis through writing and thinking about conflict from multiple different
perspectives. Readings are drawn from historic and contemporary scholars of strategy, war, and politics, cover a wide variety of issues,
and are presented in context with historical and contemporary events. Assignments are a mixture of analysis, research, and
experiential learning.
Requirements
Class Participation
Students are required to actively participate in the class; they will have the opportunity to do so both during and outside of classroom
hours. Beginning the third week of class, each student will be assigned to three days during the semester in which they will author a
short reaction memo (300-400 words) expressing an opinion about that day’s readings. These are NOT summaries; rather, they should
attempt to agree or disagree with or compare and contrast the readings. This should be posted in the forums on the course website by 8
PM the day before the readings are to be discussed. ALL students are required to read the memos and be prepared to respond to them
the next day in class. Students are encouraged to respond to the postings online as part of their participation. Students that miss
class for whatever reason may make up the class by posting a memo to the course website for the day they missed,
demonstrating that they did, in fact, do all the reading, but were trapped under something heavy and could not make
it.
Readings
Readings for the course are drawn from books available at the bookstore as well as E-Readings, which can be downloaded off the
course website. Readings marked “Further” are other relevant articles; they are not required for class. Students who have a particular
interest in the topics in question are encouraged to read these articles and to incorporate them into their assignments. I
encourage all students to use EndNote to download the class readings, take notes, and use for citing works in their
papers. CUS has a page on Installing EndNote at Reed as well as a Basic Usage Guide online. However, laptops are not
permitted in class unless you are taking notes and are willing to post those notes at the end of class to the Moodle
site.
Three books are for sale at the bookstore and are also on reserve at the library; Note that either the (black) 2002 second edition, the
(red) 2005 updated second edition are fine. The relevant part (that is, all of it minus the initial commentary) of The Art of War is
available on E-Readings as well, so purchasing the book is recommended, not required. Finally, those who are generally interested in
the study of war classics may wish to purchase a copy of Clausewitz; make sure that you get the version edited by Michael Howard
and Peter Paret, not the bowdlerized version by Anatol Rapoport.
Required
- Richard K. Betts, editor (2002) Conflict after the Cold War: Arguments on Causes of War and Peace. 2nd edition.
New York, NY: Longman, ISBN 0321081706
- Robert J. Art and Kenneth N. Waltz, editors (2004) The Use of Force: Military Power and International Politics.
6th edition. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, ISBN 0742525570
|
Recommended
- Sun Tzu; Samuel B. Griffith, editor (1971) The Art of War. Oxford University Press, ISBN 0195014766
|
Optional
- Carl von Clausewitz; Michael Eliot Howard and Peter Paret, editors (1976) On War. Princeton, NJ: Princeton
University Press, ISBN 0691056579
|
Course Website
Frequent reading of the course website will be helpful for success in the class. Discussion and collaboration with your peers is
available to you through the website as well as in class; supplemental and core readings will be made available there; and assignments
will be turned in electronically using the site.
Assignments and Quals
There are two formal assignments for this course. More details regarding the assignments will be available later. If you intend to qual
in this course, you must let me know the first day. In general, I look for four things in an essay: A clear argument in the
introductory paragraph, an explanation of the theories that you will be using, an illustration of your argument with
direct examples, and a conclusion that discusses the implications of your findings. Note that word counts include your
bibliography.
-
The
first
assignment
(due
Fri,
March
12,
the
end
of
week
7)
will
be
a
short
(1500-2000
word)
essay
-
The
second
assignment
(due
Thu,
April
29,
the
end
of
week
14)
will
be
a
longer
(2000-3000
word)
essay
Citation and Plagiarism
A major goal of this course is to encourage good reading, research, and citation habits. Good research requires good documentation of
sources and the ability to put one’s own analysis and thoughts into a paper rather than relying on others. When in doubt as to whether
you should cite something, always do it. Citations are required for ideas as well as facts, and are imperative even if you are not directly
quoting authors. Make sure that you provide as specific a citation as possible; if an author discusses an idea in one
section or one page, cite the specific section or page instead of the full article or book. I usually recommend that
students use in-text author-date citation with full Chicago Manual of Style citations; see their Citation Quick Guide: <http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools˙citationguide.html>.
However, style is less important than the cites being present. If you use an idea or a fact without attribution, you are plagiarizing
someone else’s work. Plagiarism and cheating are violations of academic integrity and thus violations of Reed’s Honor Principle. As
specified by Reed’s academic conduct policy, such violations will result in disciplinary actions, including suspension or permanent
dismissal from the College. Plagiarism is submitting a piece of work which in part or in whole is not entirely the student’s
own work without attributing those same portions to their correct source. For examples of plagiarism and how to
avoid it, see <http://www.csub.edu/ssric-trd/howto/plagiarism.htm> For more information on Reed’s policies see: <http://www.reed.edu/academic/gbook/comm˙pol/acad˙conduct.html>.
Plagiarism often comes as the result of a student being up against a deadline without being able to meet it. If you are having
trouble meeting a deadline for whatever reason, please contact me. Because every assignment is a paper that will
be handed out well in advance, I have no problem giving extensions. It is always better to ask for more time than
to
Accommodations
If you’d like to request academic accommodations due to a disability, please contact Learning Resources Director Libby Rapkoch,
Psy.D., Dorothy Johansen House, 503-517-7921, rapkoche@reed.edu. If you have a letter from Student Services, please let me know
so we can discuss those accommodations.
26-Jan: 01.1. Introduction (26 Pages)
-
J. David
Singer (1960)
International
Conflict:
Three
Levels
of
Analysis. World
Politics. 12(3)April,
453–461
<http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2009401>,
ISSN
00438871
EReading
-
Kenneth N.
Waltz (1979)
Chap. 1
in
Theory
of
International
Politics.
1st edition.
New
York,
NY:
McGraw-Hill,
1–17,
ISBN
0201083493
EReading
28-Jan: 01.2. Is War Inevitable? (56 Pages)
-
Richard K.
Betts (2002)
International
Realism:
Anarchy
and
Power. In
Betts
Conflict
after
the
Cold
War,
33–36
-
Thucydides (0400
BC)
The
Melian
Dialogue. In
Betts
Conflict
after
the
Cold
War,
37–41
-
Niccolò
Machiavelli (1512)
Doing
Evil
in
Order
to
Do
Good. In
Betts
Conflict
after
the
Cold
War,
42–46
-
Thomas
Hobbes (1651)
The
State
of
Nature
and
the
State
of
War. In
Betts
Conflict
after
the
Cold
War,
47–50
-
Immanuel
Kant (1795)
Perpetual
Peace. In
Betts
Conflict
after
the
Cold
War,
103–109
-
William
James (1910)
The
Moral
Equivalent
of
War. In
Betts
Conflict
after
the
Cold
War,
145–151
-
Norman
Angell (1913)
The
Great
Illusion. In
Betts
Conflict
after
the
Cold
War,
232–233
-
Edward Hallett
Carr (1939)
Realism
and
Idealism. In
Betts
Conflict
after
the
Cold
War,
51–67
-
Margaret
Mead (1940)
Warfare
Is
Only
an
Invention
-
Not
a
Biological
Necessity. In
Betts
Conflict
after
the
Cold
War,
165–169
Part I: The Causes of War: WWI and Iraq
2-Feb: 02.1. Guns of August (133 Pages)
-
Barbara W.
Tuchman (1962)
Chap. 1-9
in
The
Guns
of
August. New
York,
NY:
Macmillan,
1–133.
Read
chapters
2-4,
6-7,
+
9,
skim
1,
5,
+
8
EReading
4-Feb: 02.2. Grand Theories of War (112 Pages)
-
B. H. Liddell
Hart (1971)
Foreword. In
Tzu
The
Art
of
War,
v–vii
EReading
-
Sun
Tzu;
Samuel B.
Griffith,
editor (1971)
Chap.
I-XIII
In
Tzu
The
Art
of
War,
63–149
EReading
-
Carl
von Clausewitz;
Michael Eliot
Howard
and
Peter
Paret,
editors (1976)
Chap.
1.1-1.2
In
von
Clausewitz
On
War,
75–99
Further
-
Robert J.
Art (1996)
The
Fungibility
of
Force. In
Art
and
Waltz
The
Use
of
Force. chapter 1,
3–22
9-Feb: 03.1. International Politics-Power Balancing (86 Pages)
-
Geoffrey
Blainey (1973)
Power,
Culprits,
and
Arms. In
Betts
Conflict
after
the
Cold
War,
87–98
-
Stephen M.
Walt (1987)
Alliances:
Balancing
and
Bandwagoning. In
Robert J.
Art
and
Robert
Jervis,
editors
International
Politics:
Enduring
Concepts
and
Contemporary
Issues.
7th edition.
New
York,
NY:
Pearson/Longman,
ISBN
0321209478,
96–103
EReading
-
Kenneth N.
Waltz (1988)
The
Origins
of
War
in
Neorealist
Theory. In
Betts
Conflict
after
the
Cold
War,
68–74
-
Joseph S.
Nye,
Jr. (2000)
Balance
of
Power
and
World
War
I. In
Nye
Understanding
international
conflicts. chapter 3,
54–80
EReading
-
John J.
Mearsheimer (2001)
The
Causes
of
Great
Power
War. In
The
Tragedy
of
Great
Power
Politics.
New
York,
NY:
Norton,
ISBN
0393020258. chapter 9,
334–359
EReading
-
Robert
Jervis (2003)
The
Compulsive
Empire. Foreign
Policy.(137)July-August,
82–87
<http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3183700>,
ISSN
0015–7228
EReading
Further
-
Scott D.
Sagan (1986)
1914
Revisited. In
Betts
Conflict
after
the
Cold
War,
416–428
11-Feb: 03.2. International Politics-Power Transitions (80 Pages)
Further
-
Imanuel
Geiss (1966)
The
Outbreak
of
the
First
World
War
and
German
War
Aims. Journal
of
Contemporary
History. 1(3)July,
75–91
EReading
-
Paul M.
Kennedy (1984)
The
First
World
War
and
the
International
Power
System. International
Security. 9(1)Summer,
7–40
<http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2538634>
EReading
-
Richard Ned
Lebow (1984)
Windows
of
Opportunity:
Do
States
Jump
Through
Them?
International
Security. 9(1)Summer,
147–186
<http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2538638>
EReading
16-Feb: 04.1. International Politics-Money (94 Pages)
-
Richard K.
Betts (2002)
Economic:
Interests
and
Interdependence. In
Betts
Conflict
after
the
Cold
War,
225–228
-
Joseph
Schumpeter (1919)
Imperialism
and
Capitalism. In
Betts
Conflict
after
the
Cold
War,
249–257
-
V. I.
Lenin (1939)
Imperialism,
the
Highest
Stage
of
Capitalism. In
Betts
Conflict
after
the
Cold
War,
242–248
-
Geoffrey
Blainey (1973)
Paradise
Is
a
Bazaar. In
Betts
Conflict
after
the
Cold
War,
234–241
-
Kenneth N.
Waltz (1979)
Structural
Causes
and
Economic
Effects. In
Betts
Conflict
after
the
Cold
War,
270–279
-
Richard
Rosecrance (1986)
Trade
and
Power. In
Betts
Conflict
after
the
Cold
War,
280–292
-
David M.
Rowe (1999)
World
Economic
Expansion
and
National
Security
in
Pre-World
War
I
Europe. International
Organization. 53(2)Spring,
195–231
<http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002081899550869>
EReading
-
Michael T.
Klare (2003)
The
Coming
War
With
Iraq:
Deciphering
the
Bush
Administration’s
Motives. Foreign
Policy
In
Focus.January
16,
1–6
<http://www.fpif.org/commentary/2003/0301warreasons˙body.html>
EReading
Further
-
Niccolò
Machiavelli (1517)
Money
Is
Not
the
Sinews
of
War,
Although
It
Is
Generally
So
Considered. In
Betts
Conflict
after
the
Cold
War,
229–231
-
Alan S.
Milward (1977)
War
as
Policy. In
Betts
Conflict
after
the
Cold
War,
258–269
18-Feb: 04.2. No Class
23-Feb: 05.1. International Politics-Technology (110 Pages)
-
Richard K.
Betts (2002)
Strategy:
Military
Technology,
Doctrine,
and
Stability. In
Betts
Conflict
after
the
Cold
War,
375–378
-
Robert
Jervis (1978)
Cooperation
Under
the
Security
Dilemma. In
Betts
Conflict
after
the
Cold
War,
400–415
-
Jack S.
Levy (1984)
The
Offensive/Defensive
Balance
of
Military
Technology. In
Betts
Conflict
after
the
Cold
War,
429–440
-
Stephen
Van Evera (1998)
Offense,
Defense,
and
the
Causes
of
War. In
Art
and
Waltz
The
Use
of
Force. chapter 3,
44–69
-
Keir A.
Lieber (2000)
Grasping
the
Technological
Peace:
The
Offense-Defense
Balance
and
International
Security. International
Security. 25(1)Summer,
71–104
<http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/016228800560390>
EReading
-
Max
Boot (2003)
The
New
American
Way
of
War. Foreign
Affairs. 82(4)July/August,
41–58
<http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=10030007>,
ISSN
00157120
EReading
25-Feb: 05.2. Domestic Politics (113 Pages)
-
Jack
Snyder (1984)
The
Cult
of
the
Offensive
in
1914. In
Art
and
Waltz
The
Use
of
Force. chapter 9,
121–137
-
Jack S.
Levy (1988)
Domestic
Politics
and
War. Journal
of
Interdisciplinary
History. 18(4)Spring,
653–673
<http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/204819>
EReading
-
Hein E.
Goemans (2000)
Introduction. In
Goemans
War
and
Punishment. chapter 1,
3–18
EReading
-
Hein E.
Goemans (2000)
Conclusion. In
Goemans
War
and
Punishment. chapter 10,
310–324
EReading
-
Chaim
Kaufmann (2004)
Threat
Inflation
and
the
Failure
of
the
Marketplace
of
Ideas:
The
Selling
of
the
Iraq
War. International
Security. 29(1)Summer,
5–48
<http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/0162288041762940>
EReading
Further
-
Edward D.
Mansfield
and
Jack
Snyder (1995)
Democratization
and
War. In
Betts
Conflict
after
the
Cold
War,
335–347
-
Arno J.
Mayer (1967)
Domestic
Causes
of
the
First
World
War. In
Leonard
Krieger
and
Fritz
Stern,
editors
The
Responsibility
of
Power:
Historical
Essays
in
Honor
of
Hajo
Holborn.
Garden
City,
NY:
Doubleday,
ISBN
0333015193,
286–300
EReading
2-Mar: 06.1. Organizations (115 Pages)
4-Mar: 06.2. Psychology (113 Pages)
-
Richard K.
Betts (2002)
Psychology
and
Culture:
Unconscious
Sources
of
Conflict
and
Conscious
Norms. In
Betts
Conflict
after
the
Cold
War,
141–144
-
Sigmund
Freud (1932)
Why
War?
In
Betts
Conflict
after
the
Cold
War,
152–159
-
Franco
Fornari (1966)
The
Psychoanalysis
of
War. In
Betts
Conflict
after
the
Cold
War,
160–164
-
Richard Ned
Lebow (1981)
Chap. 5
in
Between
Peace
and
War:
The
Nature
of
International
Crisis. Baltimore,
MD:
Johns
Hopkins
University
Press,
101–147,
ISBN
0801823110
EReading
-
Robert
Jervis (1988)
War
and
Misperception. Journal
of
Interdisciplinary
History. 18(4)Spring,
675–700
<http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/204820>
EReading
-
James
Fallows (2004)
Blind
into
Baghdad. Atlantic. 293(1)January/February,
52–74
<http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AN=11922917>,
ISSN
1072–7825
EReading
Part II: From WWII to Nuclear Weapons
9-Mar: 07.1. Deterrence (98 Pages)
-
George
Sansom (1948)
Japan’s
Fatal
Blunder. In
Art
and
Waltz
The
Use
of
Force. chapter 11,
153–164
-
John J.
Mearsheimer (1983)
Hitler
and
the
Blitzkrieg
Strategy. In
Art
and
Waltz
The
Use
of
Force. chapter 10,
138–152
-
John J.
Mearsheimer (1983)
Conventional
deterrence. In
Conventional
deterrence.
Ithaca,
NY:
Cornell
University
Press,
ISBN
0801415691. chapter 2,
23–66
EReading
-
Joseph S.
Nye,
Jr. (2000)
The
Failure
of
Collective
Security
and
World
War
II. In
Nye
Understanding
international
conflicts. chapter 4,
81–107
EReading
Further
11-Mar: 07.2. Compellence (80 Pages)
-
Louis
Morton (1957)
The
Decision
to
Use
the
Atomic
Bomb. In
Art
and
Waltz
The
Use
of
Force. chapter 12,
165–180
-
Alexander L.
George (1991)
Coercive
Diplomacy. In
Art
and
Waltz
The
Use
of
Force. chapter 4,
70–76
-
Robert Anthony
Pape (1996)
Bombing
to
Win:
Air
Power
and
Coercion
in
War. In
Pape
Bombing
to
Win,
12–38
EReading
-
Robert Anthony
Pape (1996)
Bombing
to
Win:
Air
Power
and
Coercion
in
War. In
Pape
Bombing
to
Win,
254–283
EReading
Further
-
Steven L.
Burg (2003)
Coercive
Diplomacy
in
the
Balkans. In
Art
and
Waltz
The
Use
of
Force. chapter 16,
247–269
-
Robert Anthony
Pape (1996)
Japan,
1944-1945. In
Pape
Bombing
to
Win. chapter 4,
87–136
23-Mar: 09.1. Nuclear Crises (100 Pages)
-
Graham T.
Allison (1969)
Conceptual
Models
and
the
Cuban
Missile
Crisis. American
Political
Science
Review. 63(3)September,
689–718
<http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1954423>
EReading
-
David A.
Welch,
James G.
Blight,
and
Bruce J.
Allyn (1989/1990)
The
Cuban
Missile
Crisis. In
Art
and
Waltz
The
Use
of
Force. chapter 14,
197–220
-
William
Burr
and
Jeffrey T.
Richelson (2000/2001)
Whether
to
”strangle
the
baby
in
the
cradle”
-
The
United
States
and
the
Chinese
Nuclear
Program,
1960-64. International
Security. 25(3)Winter,
54–99
<http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/016228800560525>
EReading
25-Mar: 09.2. Nuclear Diplomacy (92 Pages)
-
Morton H.
Halperin (1963)
The
Korean
War. In
Art
and
Waltz
The
Use
of
Force. chapter 13,
181–196
-
McGeorge
Bundy (1984)
The
Unimpressive
Record
of
Atomic
Diplomacy. In
Art
and
Waltz
The
Use
of
Force. chapter 6,
85–93
-
Roger
Dingman (1988-1989)
Atomic
Diplomacy
during
the
Korean
War. International
Security. 13(3)Winter,
50–91
<http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2538736>
EReading
-
Robert
Jervis (1988)
The
Utility
of
Nuclear
Deterrence. In
Art
and
Waltz
The
Use
of
Force. chapter 7,
94–101
-
Kenneth N.
Waltz (1990)
Nuclear
Myths
and
Political
Realities. In
Art
and
Waltz
The
Use
of
Force. chapter 8,
102–118
Further
30-Mar: 10.1. Nuclear Defense (68 Pages)
-
Samuel P.
Huntington (1958)
Arms
Races:
Prerequisites
and
Results. In
Betts
Conflict
after
the
Cold
War,
379–399
-
Charles H.
Fairbanks,
Jr.
and
Abram N.
Shulsky (1987)
Arms
Control:
The
Historical
Experience. In
Betts
Conflict
after
the
Cold
War,
441–450
-
Barry R.
Posen (1997)
What
if
Iraq
Had
Nuclear
Weapons?
In
Art
and
Waltz
The
Use
of
Force. chapter 23,
353–369
-
Victor A.
Utgoff (2002)
Missile
Defence
and
American
Ambitions. In
Art
and
Waltz
The
Use
of
Force. chapter 21,
333–346
-
Kenneth N.
Waltz (2002)
Missile
Defenses
and
the
Multiplication
of
Nuclear
Weapons. In
Art
and
Waltz
The
Use
of
Force. chapter 22,
347–352
Further
Part III: Contemporary Problems
1-Apr: 10.2. American Empire (76 Pages)
-
Christopher
Layne (1997)
From
Preponderance
to
Offshore
Balancing. In
Art
and
Waltz
The
Use
of
Force. chapter 18,
283–298
-
Robert J.
Art (1998/1999)
The
Strategy
of
Selective
Engagement. In
Art
and
Waltz
The
Use
of
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G. John
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EReading
Further
6-Apr: 11.1. Terrorism (87 Pages)
-
Brian M.
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International
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658–677
<http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1961835>
EReading
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Richard A.
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Robert D.
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EReading
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Brahma
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Paul R.
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EReading
8-Apr: 11.2. Insurgencies (110 Pages)
Further
13-Apr: 12.1. Ethnic Conflict (105 Pages)
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and
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Radha
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Stathis N.
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Matthew Adam
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Nicholas
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What’s
in
a
Line?
Is
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International
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ISSN
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EReading
Further
15-Apr: 12.2. Ending Civil Wars (98 Pages)
-
Richard K.
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The
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Barbara F.
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Charles
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EReading
Further
20-Apr: 13.1. Rogue States (71 Pages)
Further
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Michael E.
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The
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National
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EReading
22-Apr: 13.2. No Class
27-Apr: 14.1. Future Causes (77 Pages)
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Richard K.
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John K.
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Myron
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Thomas F.
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Benjamin R.
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Barry R.
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29-Apr: 14.2. Future of War (63 Pages)
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Richard K.
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Francis
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John
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John J.
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Samuel P.
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Richard K.
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Eliot A.
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Richard J.
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Robert O.
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