Course Description and Goals
This course examines contemporary problems of war and peace from a historical and theoretical perspective. What were the causes of
war in the past and what can we learn from that experience? What strategies do actors in the international system use to employ force,
and how have they changed in the nuclear age? What are the current problems facing decisionmakers today? The course begins with a
review of political, psychological, organizational, economic, and nationalist theories of the causes of war, then uses these theories to
examine the origins and character of both historical and contemporary conflicts, including the First and Second World Wars and
the Iraq War. It continues by examining the effects on conflict of the nuclear revolution. The course concludes by
examining the major contemporary threats to national and international security that may be faced in the coming
decade.
Students will learn to perform basic research and analysis through writing and thinking about conflict from multiple different
perspectives. Readings are drawn from historic and contemporary scholars of strategy, war, and politics, cover a wide variety of issues,
and are presented in context with historical and contemporary events. Assignments are a mixture of analysis, research, and
experiential learning.
Requirements
Class Participation
Students will have the opportunity participate in the class both during and outside of classroom hours. Each student will be assigned
to three days during the semester in which they will co-author a short memo comparing and contrasting that day’s
readings and posing questions for discussion. These memos should be posted in the forums on the course website by 8
PM the day before the readings are to be discussed. The posters will also start off the next day’s session with a short
presentation and will open up discussion. ALL students are required to read the memos and be prepared to answer
the questions the next day in class; they are also encouraged to respond to the memos in the forum as part of their
participation.
Readings
Readings for the course are drawn from books available at the bookstore as well as E-Readings, which can be downloaded off the
course website. For the lazy, the E-Readings can even be downloaded directly from the links on the syllabus. Readings marked
“Further” are other relevant articles; they are not required for class.
Four books are for sale at the bookstore and are also on reserve at the library; Note that the Betts volume is the 2002 second edition,
not the 2005 updated second edition. The relevant part (that is, all of it minus the initial commentary) of The Art of War is available on
E-Readings as well, so purchasing the book is recommended, not required. Similarly, since those of you who have taken POL
240 from me already have a copy of Sagan and Waltz (and because we only use it one day), it is also recommended.
Finally, those who are generally interested in the study of war classics may wish to purchase a copy of Clausewitz;
make sure that you get the version edited by Michael Howard and Peter Paret, not the bowdlerized version by Anatol
Rapoport.
Required
- Richard K. Betts, editor (2002) Conflict after the Cold War : arguments on causes of war and peace. 2nd edition.
New York: Longman, ISBN 0321081706
- Robert J. Art and Kenneth N. Waltz, editors (2004) The use of force : military power and international politics.
6th edition. Lanham, Md.: Rowman and Littlefield, ISBN 0742525570
|
Recommended
- Sun Tzu; Samuel B. Griffith, editor (1971) The Art of War. Oxford University Press, ISBN 0195014766
- Scott D. Sagan and Kenneth N. Waltz (2003) The Spread of Nuclear Weapons: A Debate Renewed. 2nd edition.
New York, NY: W.W. Norton, ISBN 0393977471
|
Optional
- Carl von Clausewitz; Michael Eliot Howard and Peter Paret, editors (1993) On War (Everyman’s Library). New
York, NY: Knopf, ISBN 0679420436
|
Course Website
Frequent reading of the course website will be helpful for success in the class. Discussion and collaboration with your peers is
available to you through the website as well as in class; supplemental and core readings will be made available there; and assignments
will be turned in electronically using the site.
Assignments and Quals
There are two formal assignments for this course. More details regarding the assignments will be available later. If you intend to qual
in this course, you must let me know the first day.
-
The
first
assignment
(due
March
10)
will
be
a
short
(1600-2000
word)
essay
-
The
second
assignment
(due
the
end
of
week
14)
will
be
a
longer
(3000-3500
word)
essay
Citation and Plagiarism
A major goal of this course is to encourage good reading, research, and citation habits. Good research requires good documentation of
sources and the ability to put one’s own analysis and thoughts into a paper rather than relying on others. Plagiarism and cheating are
violations of academic integrity and thus violations of Reed’s Honor Principle. As specified by Reed’s academic conduct policy, such
violations will result in disciplinary actions, including suspension or permanent dismissal from the College. For the
purposes of this class, plagiarism is submitting a piece of work which in part or in whole is not entirely the student’s
own work without attributing those same portions to their correct source. For examples of plagiarism and how to
avoid it, see <http://www.csub.edu/ssric-trd/howto/plagiarism.htm> For more information on Reed’s policies see: <http://web.reed.edu/academic/gbook/comm˙pol/acad˙honesty.html>.
Accommodations
If you’d like to request academic accommodations due to a disability, please contact Associate Dean of Student Services, Sarah
Parshley, Eliot 218, 503/777-7521, parshles@reed.edu. If you have a letter from Student Services, please let me know so we can
discuss those accommodations.
1/29/08: 00.1. Introduction (26 Pages)
1/31/08: 00.2. Is War Inevitable? (54 Pages)
-
Richard K.
Betts (2002)
International
Realism:
Anarchy
and
Power. In
Betts
Conflict
2nd
Ed.,
33–36
-
Immanuel
Kant (1795)
Perpetual
Peace. In
Betts
Conflict
2nd
Ed.,
103–109
-
William
James (1910)
The
Moral
Equivalent
of
War. In
Betts
Conflict
2nd
Ed.,
145–151
-
Norman
Angell (1913)
The
Great
Illusion. In
Betts
Conflict
2nd
Ed.,
232–233
-
Edward Hallett
Carr (1939)
Realism
and
Idealism. In
Betts
Conflict
2nd
Ed.,
51–67
-
Margaret
Mead (1940)
Warfare
Is
Only
an
Invention
-
Not
a
Biological
Necessity. In
Betts
Conflict
2nd
Ed.,
165–169
-
Geoffrey
Blainey (1973)
Power,
Culprits,
and
Arms. In
Betts
Conflict
2nd
Ed.,
87–98
Review
-
Thucydides (-400)
The
Melian
Dialogue. In
Betts
Conflict
2nd
Ed.,
37–41
-
Niccolò
Machiavelli (1512)
Doing
Evil
in
Order
to
Do
Good. In
Betts
Conflict
2nd
Ed.,
42–46
-
Thomas
Hobbes (1651)
The
State
of
Nature
and
the
State
of
War. In
Betts
Conflict
2nd
Ed.,
47–50
Part I: The Causes of War: WWI and Iraq
2/5/08: 01.0. Grand Theories of War (119 Pages)
-
B. H. Liddell
Hart (1971)
Foreword. In
Tzu
The
Art
of
War,
v–vii
EReading
-
Sun
Tzu;
Samuel B.
Griffith,
editor (1971)
Chap.
I-XIII
In
Tzu
The
Art
of
War,
63–149
EReading
-
Carl
von Clausewitz;
Michael Eliot
Howard
and
Peter
Paret,
editors (1993)
Chap.
1.1-1.2
In
von
Clausewitz
On
War,
83–114
EReading
Further
-
Robert J.
Art (1996)
The
Fungibility
of
Force. In
Art
and
Waltz
The
use
of
force,
3–22
2/7/08: 01.1. Guns of August (133 Pages)
-
Barbara W.
Tuchman (1962)
Chap. 1-9
in
The
Guns
of
August. New
York:
Macmillan,
1–133.
Read
chapters
2-4,
6-7,
and
9,
skim
1,
5,
and
8
EReading
2/12/08: 01.2. International Politics-Power Balancing (74 Pages)
-
Stephen M.
Walt (1987)
Alliances:
Balancing
and
Bandwagoning. In
Robert J.
Art
and
Robert
Jervis,
editors
International
Politics:
Enduring
Concepts
and
Contemporary
Issues.
7th edition.
New
York:
Pearson/Longman,
ISBN
0321209478,
96–103
EReading
-
Kenneth N.
Waltz (1988)
The
Origins
of
War
in
Neorealist
Theory. In
Betts
Conflict
2nd
Ed.,
68–74
-
Joseph S.
Nye,
Jr. (2000)
Balance
of
Power
and
World
War
I. In
Nye
Understanding
international
conflicts,
54–80
EReading
-
John J.
Mearsheimer (2001)
The
Causes
of
Great
Power
War. In
The
Tragedy
of
Great
Power
Politics.
New
York,
NY:
Norton,
ISBN
0393020258. chapter 9,
334–359
EReading
-
Robert
Jervis (2003)
The
Compulsive
Empire. Foreign
Policy.(137)July-August,
82–87
<http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0015-7228(200307/08)0:137%3C82:TCE%3E2.0.CO;2-O>,
ISSN
0015–7228
EReading
Further
-
Scott D.
Sagan (1986)
1914
Revisited. In
Betts
Conflict
2nd
Ed.,
416–428
2/14/08: 01.3. International Politics-Power Transitions (80 Pages)
Further
2/19/08: 01.4. International Politics-Money (94 Pages)
-
Richard K.
Betts (2002)
Economic:
Interests
and
Interdependence. In
Betts
Conflict
2nd
Ed.,
225–228
-
Joseph
Schumpeter (1919)
Imperialism
and
Capitalism. In
Betts
Conflict
2nd
Ed.,
249–257
-
V. I.
Lenin (1939)
Imperialism,
the
Highest
Stage
of
Capitalism. In
Betts
Conflict
2nd
Ed.,
242–248
-
Geoffrey
Blainey (1973)
Paradise
Is
a
Bazaar. In
Betts
Conflict
2nd
Ed.,
234–241
-
Kenneth N.
Waltz (1979)
Structural
Causes
and
Economic
Effects. In
Betts
Conflict
2nd
Ed.,
270–279
-
Richard
Rosecrance (1986)
Trade
and
Power. In
Betts
Conflict
2nd
Ed.,
280–292
-
David M.
Rowe (1999)
World
Economic
Expansion
and
National
Security
in
Pre-World
War
I
Europe. International
Organization. 53(2)Spring,
195–231
<http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0020-8183(199921)53:2%3C195:WEEANS%3E2.0.CO;2-Z>
EReading
-
Michael T.
Klare (2003)
The
Coming
War
With
Iraq:
Deciphering
the
Bush
Administration’s
Motives. Foreign
Policy
In
Focus.January
16,
1–6
<http://www.fpif.org/commentary/2003/0301warreasons˙body.html>
EReading
Further
-
Niccolò
Machiavelli (1517)
Money
Is
Not
the
Sinews
of
War,
Although
It
Is
Generally
So
Considered. In
Betts
Conflict
2nd
Ed.,
229–231
-
Alan S.
Milward (1977)
War
as
Policy. In
Betts
Conflict
2nd
Ed.,
258–269
2/21/08: 01.5. International Politics-Technology (110 Pages)
-
Richard K.
Betts (2002)
Strategy:
Military
Technology,
Doctrine,
and
Stability. In
Betts
Conflict
2nd
Ed.,
375–378
-
Robert
Jervis (1978)
Cooperation
Under
the
Security
Dilemma. In
Betts
Conflict
2nd
Ed.,
400–415
-
Jack S.
Levy (1984)
The
Offensive/Defensive
Balance
of
Military
Technology. In
Betts
Conflict
2nd
Ed.,
429–440
-
Stephen
Van Evera (1998)
Offense,
Defense,
and
the
Causes
of
War. In
Art
and
Waltz
The
use
of
force,
44–69
-
Keir A.
Lieber (2000)
Grasping
the
Technological
Peace:
The
Offense-Defense
Balance
and
International
Security. International
Security. 25(1)Summer,
71–104
<http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0162-2889(200022)25:1%3C71:GTTPTO%3E2.0.CO;2-P>
EReading
-
Max
Boot (2003)
The
New
American
Way
of
War. Foreign
Affairs. 82(4)July/August,
41–58
<http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=10030007>,
ISSN
00157120
EReading
2/26/08: 01.6. Domestic Politics (113 Pages)
Further
-
Edward D.
Mansfield
and
Jack
Snyder (1995)
Democratization
and
War. In
Betts
Conflict
2nd
Ed.,
335–347
-
Arno J.
Mayer (1967)
Domestic
Causes
of
the
First
World
War. In
Leonard
Krieger
and
Fritz
Stern,
editors
The
Responsibility
of
Power:
Historical
Essays
in
Honor
of
Hajo
Holborn.
Garden
City,
NY:
Doubleday,
ISBN
0333015193,
286–300
EReading
2/28/08: 01.7. Organizations (115 Pages)
3/4/08: 01.8. Nationalism (130 Pages)
3/6/08: 01.9. Psychology (113 Pages)
-
Richard K.
Betts (2002)
Psychology
and
Culture:
Unconscious
Sources
of
Conflict
and
Conscious
Norms. In
Betts
Conflict
2nd
Ed.,
141–144
-
Sigmund
Freud (1932)
Why
War?
In
Betts
Conflict
2nd
Ed.,
152–159
-
Franco
Fornari (1966)
The
Psychoanalysis
of
War. In
Betts
Conflict
2nd
Ed.,
160–164
-
Richard Ned
Lebow (1981)
Chap. 5
in
Between
peace
and
war
:
the
nature
of
international
crisis. Baltimore:
Johns
Hopkins
University
Press,
101–147,
ISBN
0801823110
EReading
-
Robert
Jervis (1988)
War
and
Misperception. Journal
of
Interdisciplinary
History. 18(4)Spring,
675–700
<http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-1953(198821)18:4%3C675:WAM%3E2.0.CO;2-8>
EReading
-
James
Fallows (2004)
Blind
into
Baghdad. Atlantic. 293(1)January/February,
52–74
<http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AN=11922917>,
ISSN
1072–7825
EReading
Part II: From WWII to Nuclear Weapons
3/11/08: 02.1. Deterrence (98 Pages)
-
George
Sansom (1948)
Japan’s
Fatal
Blunder. In
Art
and
Waltz
The
use
of
force,
153–164
-
John J.
Mearsheimer (1983)
Hitler
and
the
Blitzkrieg
Strategy. In
Art
and
Waltz
The
use
of
force,
138–152
-
John J.
Mearsheimer (1983)
Conventional
deterrence. In
Conventional
deterrence.
Ithaca,
NY:
Cornell
University
Press,
ISBN
0801415691. chapter 2,
23–66
EReading
-
Joseph S.
Nye,
Jr. (2000)
The
Failure
of
Collective
Security
and
World
War
II. In
Nye
Understanding
international
conflicts,
81–107
EReading
Further
3/13/08: 02.2. Compellence (80 Pages)
-
Louis
Morton (1957)
The
Decision
to
Use
the
Atomic
Bomb. In
Art
and
Waltz
The
use
of
force,
165–180
-
Alexander L.
George (1991)
Coercive
Diplomacy. In
Art
and
Waltz
The
use
of
force,
70–76
-
Robert Anthony
Pape (1996)
Bombing
to
win
:
air
power
and
coercion
in
war. In
Pape
Bombing
to
win,
12–38
EReading
-
Robert Anthony
Pape (1996)
Bombing
to
win
:
air
power
and
coercion
in
war. In
Pape
Bombing
to
win,
254–283
EReading
Further
-
Steven L.
Burg (2003)
Coercive
Diplomacy
in
the
Balkans. In
Art
and
Waltz
The
use
of
force,
247–269
-
Robert Anthony
Pape (1996)
Japan,
1944-1945. In
Pape
Bombing
to
win,
87–136
Spring Break
3/25/08: 02.3. Nuclear Proliferation (182 Pages)
-
Scott D.
Sagan
and
Kenneth N.
Waltz (2003)
Chap. 1-5
In
Sagan
and
Waltz
The
Spread
of
Nuclear
Weapons,
3–184
3/27/08: —-. No Class
3/30/08: 02.4. Nuclear Crises (makeup class) (100 Pages)
4/1/08: 02.5. Nuclear Diplomacy (92 Pages)
-
Morton H.
Halperin (1963)
The
Korean
War. In
Art
and
Waltz
The
use
of
force,
181–196
-
McGeorge
Bundy (1984)
The
Unimpressive
Record
of
Atomic
Diplomacy. In
Art
and
Waltz
The
use
of
force,
85–93
-
Roger
Dingman (1988-1989)
Atomic
Diplomacy
during
the
Korean
War. International
Security. 13(3)Winter,
50–91
<http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0162-2889(198824/198924)13:3%3C50:ADDTKW%3E2.0.CO;2-J>
EReading
-
Robert
Jervis (1988)
The
Utility
of
Nuclear
Deterrence. In
Art
and
Waltz
The
use
of
force,
94–101
-
Kenneth N.
Waltz (1990)
Nuclear
Myths
and
Political
Realities. In
Art
and
Waltz
The
use
of
force,
102–118
Further
4/3/08: 02.6. Nuclear Defense (68 Pages)
-
Samuel P.
Huntington (1958)
Arms
Races:
Prerequisites
and
Results. In
Betts
Conflict
2nd
Ed.,
379–399
-
Charles H.
Fairbanks,
Jr.
and
Abram N.
Shulsky (1987)
Arms
Control:
The
Historical
Experience. In
Betts
Conflict
2nd
Ed.,
441–450
-
Barry R.
Posen (1997)
What
if
Iraq
Had
Nuclear
Weapons?
In
Art
and
Waltz
The
use
of
force,
353–369
-
Victor A.
Utgoff (2002)
Missile
Defence
and
American
Ambitions. In
Art
and
Waltz
The
use
of
force,
333–346
-
Kenneth N.
Waltz (2002)
Missile
Defenses
and
the
Multiplication
of
Nuclear
Weapons. In
Art
and
Waltz
The
use
of
force,
347–352
Further
Part III: Contemporary Problems
4/8/08: 03.0. American Empire (85 Pages)
-
Christopher
Layne (1997)
From
Preponderance
to
Offshore
Balancing. In
Art
and
Waltz
The
use
of
force,
283–298
-
Robert J.
Art (1998/1999)
The
Strategy
of
Selective
Engagement. In
Art
and
Waltz
The
use
of
force,
299–320
-
G. John
Ikenberry (2002)
America’s
Imperial
Ambition. In
Art
and
Waltz
The
use
of
force,
321–332
-
Christopher
Layne (2006)
The
Unipolar
Illusion
Revisited:
The
Coming
End
of
the
United
States’
Unipolar
Moment. International
Security. 31(2)Fall,
7–41
EReading
4/10/08: 03.1. Terrorism (87 Pages)
-
Brian M.
Jenkins (1975)
International
Terrorism. In
Art
and
Waltz
The
use
of
force,
77–84
-
David C.
Rapoport (1984)
Fear
and
Trembling:
Terrorism
in
Three
Religious
Traditions. American
Political
Science
Review. 78(3)September,
658–677
<http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0003-0554(198409)78:3%3C658:FATTIT%3E2.0.CO;2-1>
EReading
-
Richard A.
Falkenrath,
Robert D.
Newman,
and
Bradley A.
Thayer (1998)
America’s
Achilles
Heel:
Nuclear,
Biological,
and
Chemical
Terrorism
and
Covert
Attack. In
Art
and
Waltz
The
use
of
force,
463–468
-
Martha
Crenshaw (1998)
The
Strategic
Logic
of
Terrorism. In
Betts
Conflict
2nd
Ed.,
updated,
491–504
EReading
-
Brahma
Chellaney (2001/2002)
Lessons
from
Fighting
Terrorism
in
Southern
Asia. In
Art
and
Waltz
The
use
of
force,
458–462
-
Walter
Laqueur (2001)
The
Changing
Face
of
Terror. In
Art
and
Waltz
The
use
of
force,
450–457
-
Paul R.
Pillar (2001)
Dealing
with
Terrorists. In
Art
and
Waltz
The
use
of
force,
469–476
-
Richard K.
Betts (2002)
The
Soft
Underbelly
of
American
Primacy:
Tactical
Advantages
of
Terror. Political
Science
Quarterly. 117(1)Spring,
19–36
<http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AN=6625047>,
ISSN
0032–3195
EReading
4/15/08: 03.2. Insurgencies (103 Pages)
-
T. E.
Lawrence (1929)
Science
of
Guerrilla
Warfare. In
Betts
Conflict
2nd
Ed.,
updated,
449–456
EReading
-
Mao
Tse-tung (1937)
On
Guerrilla
Warfare. In
Betts
Conflict
2nd
Ed.,
updated,
457–466
EReading
-
John Lewis
Gaddis (1982)
Implementing
Flexible
Response:
Vietnam
as
a
Test
Case. In
Art
and
Waltz
The
use
of
force,
221–246
-
Andrew F.
Krepinevich (2005)
How
to
Win
in
Iraq. Foreign
Affairs. 84(5)September/October,
87–104
EReading
-
Stephen
Biddle (2006)
Seeing
Baghdad,
Thinking
Saigon. Foreign
Affairs. 85(2)March/April,
2–14
<http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AN=19895473>
EReading
-
Larry
Diamond et al. (2006)
What
to
do
in
Iraq:
A
Roundtable. Foreign
Affairs. 85(4)July/August,
150–169
<http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AN=21326451>
EReading
-
Andrew J
Enterline
and
J. Michael
Greig (2007)
Surge,
Escalate,
Withdraw
and
Shinseki:
Forecasting
and
Retro-casting
American
Force
Strategies
and
Insurgency
in
Iraq. International
Studies
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EReading
4/17/08: 03.3. Ethnic Conflict (116 Pages)
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<http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0162-2889(199424/199524)19:3%3C130:ENAICT%3E2.0.CO;2-4>
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Richard K.
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Chaim
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Radha
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Stathis N.
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183–223
EReading
Further
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EReading
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Stephen D.
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United
States
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First
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110th
Congress
EReading
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James D.
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<http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AN=24151457>,
ISSN
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EReading
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David H.
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Report
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EReading
Further
4/24/08: 03.5. Rogue States (109 Pages)
4/29/08: 03.6. Future Causes (77 Pages)
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Richard K.
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John K.
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Myron
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Thomas F.
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Benjamin R.
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5/1/08: 03.7. Future of War (63 Pages)
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Richard K.
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Francis
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John
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John J.
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Samuel P.
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Richard K.
Betts (2002)
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Eliot A.
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Richard J.
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Robert O.
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