2) Abbé François Cucherat published a series of six articles in Le Pèlerin de Paray between 1877 and 1880. These were republished individually and in a collected volume. The collection was reprinted numerous times apparently beginning in 1884 under the title of either Origines de Paray-le-Monial or Guide historique et archéologique du pèlerin à Paray-le-Monial. I use the latter. The two essays important for this study are "Fondation du monastère bénédictin," and "Monographie de la Basilique," each with their own pagination. Back To Text
3) François Cucherat, "Fondation du monastère bénédictin," Guide historique et archéologique du pèlerin à Paray-le Monial (Paray-le-Monial: 1884): 9. For a discussion of the problematic dedication of 1004 by Odilo, see Chapter 2 below. Back To Text
4) François Cucherat, "Monographie de la Basilique," Guide historique et archéologique du pèlerin à Paray-le Monial (Paray-le-Monial: 1884): 37. Back To Text
5) Ibid.: 14, 25, and 40. Back To Text
6) Cucherat considered the crossing bay and the choir bay as part of the nave, thus making unclear exactly what he meant by sanctuaire. Back To Text
7) Ibid.: 42. Back To Text
8) Ibid.: 38. Back To Text
9) Ibid.: 44. Back To Text
10) Ibid.: 48. For a discussion of this incident mentioned in Saint Hugh's "Vita," see the following chapter. Back To Text
11) Cucherat records a number of inscriptions, informs us of wall frescoes in the transepts, and provides some information concerning altars and relics that were destroyed or rearranged by Millet. Back To Text
12) Archives de la Commission des Monuments historiques 1855-1872 (Paris: ca 1875): with each entry paginated individually; hereafter cited as Archives. The entry for Paray is unsigned. Most subsequent writers, for example, Eugène Lefèvre-Pontalis (1885) and Charles Oursel, thought that the author was the restoration architect Millet (for full references, see below). There is a letter dated 9 January 1862 in the Archives of the Commission in Paris (1138:1) in which the Rector of the Academie de Lyons, Saussage sends the Minister (vous adresser) "un travail destiné aux Archives de[s] Monuments Historiques." Whether or not this refers to the entry published is not known. A local historian, the Abbé Jean Décréau, in his Paray-le-Monial au fil des siècles (Paray-le-Monial: 1973): 224, lists an undated Description de l'église de Paray-le-Monial by a certain Millet, which I was unable to located at the Departmental Archives in Mâcon, the Bibliothèque nationale, the ACMH, or the Bibliothèque d'art et d'archéologie of the University of Paris. Back To Text
13) Archives: 6. Back To Text
14) "Changement de direction dans la conduite des ouvrages," ibid.: 2. Back To Text
15) Ibid.: 4. Back To Text
16 Ibid.: 3. Paray does not lie in the Autunois, but in the Brionnais. Back To Text
17) Eugène Lefèvre-Pontalis, "Etude historique et archéologique sur l'église de Paray-le-Monial," Mémoires de la Société Eduenne n.s. 14 (1885): 333- 59. Back To Text
18 Ibid.: 334. Back To Text
19) Ibid.: 346. Back To Text
20) Ibid.: 354. Back To Text
21) Ibid.: 334-36. Back To Text
22) Ibid.: 339. Back To Text
23) Ibid. Back To Text
24) Since the new project was set out on an axis different than that of the original building, Lefèvre- Pontalis believed that the porch was never intended to be retained. According to Lefèvre- Pontalis, if the porch were to have been kept, the choir foundations would have been laid further to the east "afin de donner à la nef un développement en rapport avec sa largeur," ibid.: 347. Back To Text
25) Georges Duby, "Le budget de l'abbaye de Cluny entre 1080 et 1155," Annales E.S.C. 7 (1952): 155-71. Back To Text
26) Lefèvre-Pontalis, 1885: 359.. Back To Text
27) Idem, "Paray-le- Monial," Cong. arch. (Moulins/Nevers) 80 (1913): 53-65. Back To Text
28) Ibid.: 53. Back To Text
29) Virey's pamphlet was originally published in 1926 in the Petites monographies des grands édifices de la France series. A slightly revised edition by Marcel Aubert appeared in 1962. All references, except where noted, use the later edition's pagination. Jean Virey, Paray-le-Monial et les églises du Brionnais, rev. ed. Marcel Aubert (Paris: 1962): 12. Back To Text
30) Ibid.: 14 and 33-35. Back To Text
31) Ibid.: 13. Back To Text
32) Ibid.: 14 and 24. Back To Text
33) Ibid.: 24. Back To Text
34) Ibid.: 15 and 26. Back To Text
35) Ibid.: 14. One should 1) that the chapel of Saint Léger at Cluny has undergone extensive restorations. Back To Text
36) Ibid.: 22. Back To Text
37) Ibid.: 15. Back To Text
38) Ibid.: 25. Back To Text
39) Ibid.: 40. Back To Text
40) Ibid.: 29. Back To Text
41) Ibid.: 9. Back To Text
42) Cluny's west portal had not been excavated and reconstructed by Conant at the time of the first edition; Conant's findings were not included in the later edition. Back To Text
43) Ibid.: 36. Back To Text
44) Ibid.: 38. Back To Text
45) Idem, 1926: 36. This observation is omitted from the 1962 version. Back To Text
46) For example, he does not take into consideration the extent of restoration of the Saint-Léger chapel at Cluny. Back To Text
47) Charles Oursel, "Paray-le-Monial et Cluny," Art Studies: Medieval, Renaissance and Modern 4 (1926): 81-100, quote from page 94. The essay was slightly revised and then republished as part of Oursel's L'art romane de Bourgogne (Dijon: 1926). Back To Text
48) Ibid.: 93-94. Back To Text
49) Ibid.: 98. Back To Text
50) Raymond and Anne-Marie Oursel, Les églises romanes de l'Autunois et du Brionnais (Mâcon: 1956): 245. Back To Text
5) Ibid.: 251. Back To Text
52) Ibid.: 250. Back To Text
53) Ibid.: 251. Back To Text
54) Ibid.: 245-47. Back To Text
55) Ibid.: 252. Back To Text
56) Raymond Oursel, DEF, IIA: 126-127. Back To Text
57) Idem, Bourgogne romane, 8th edition (La Pierre-qui-Vire: 1986): 163 and 165. Back To Text
58) Oursel's observation is correct, but the present bases belong to the nineteenth-century restoration. Though they may copy the bases they replaced, they may also have been redesigned by the restoration architect Millet to correspond with the surviving Brionnais types. Back To Text
59) For Oursel's translation, see ibid.: 163-64. Back To Text
60) Ibid.: 187. Back To Text
61) C. Edson Armi, Masons and Sculptors in Romanesque Burgundy: The New Aesthetic of Cluny III (University Park, Pa: 1983): 60-62, and 171-75. Back To Text
62) Ibid.: 60-61, 117, 162, and esp. 171-72. Back To Text
63) As I was completing my thesis, a new book on Paray became available to me: Raymond Oursel and Jean-Nöel Barnoud (Paray-le-Monial les 900 ans d'une basilique (Besançon: 1992). I was not able to refer to it in this or the subsequent chapters. Back To Text
Send any comments or suggestions to Minott Kerr at:
mkerr@reed.eduLast Modified: 3 March 1997