• Black and white RC (resin coated) VC (variable contrast) [aka. Multigrade, Polygrade] photo paper
  
  
  
  • Light-sensitive paper. Don't open the box outside the darkroom!
  • For black and white (as opposed to color)
  • Size: 8x10, 11x14...etc
  • Surface: matte, glossy, semi-glossy/pearl
  • Brand (ILFORD, Kentmere, Arista, Agfa, Foma, Forte, Oriental, Kodak).
    
    
  • Coating: RC (resin coated) as opposed to fiber (no coating)
  • Handles contrast filters: VC: variable contract, Multigrade, Polygrade
  
  
  
• Film/B&W (35mm black and white negative film)
  
  
  
  • 35mm: size of fim
  • Black and white
  • Negative (as opposed ot positive slides)
  • Processed with B/W chemistry as opposed to color chemistry (C-41).
  • Film-speed: ISO 100, 400, 1600...etc
  • Brand: Kodak T-Max, Kodak Tri-x, ILFORD Delta high quality. Arista EDU and many other brands good.
  • Exposures: number of frames. Usually 24 or 36 exposures.
  
  
  
• Digital/Color
  
  
  
  • DSLR camera (digital)
  • Inkjet printing
    
    
    
    If you want to do color using film, you must buy your own color negative film
    
    

    • 35mm color negative film
    • develop at photo lab
    • scan negative (or have photo lab scan/print it for you)

• I recommend SLR camera with manual control: what you see is what the film sees
  
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-lens_reflex_camera
  
  
  
  
• Mirrorless digital cameras
  
  
  • compact
  • may not have the lineup (lenses) that one may get from DSLRs
  • what you see is what the sensor sees (why??)
  
  
  
• Tripod
  
  

pinhole camera
http://www.instructables.com/id/How-To-Make-A-Pinhole-Camera/








Images of the sun during a solar eclipse through the leaves of a tree. October 3, 2005, St Juliens, Malta. from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:IMG_1650_zonsverduistering_Malta.JPG by Ellywa








Camera Obscura:

Camera obscura, from a manuscript of military designs. 17th century, possibly Italian from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_obscura




A 19th-century artist using a camera obscura to outline his subject

Food for thought: 1839 is considered when photography was inventend

• Lens -- condenses light for a brighter image
  
  
  • Aperture (the size of the hole)
  • Shutter (opens/closes the lens aperture)
  • Focus
  • Focal length (how long a lens is ). What impact does it have on the picture?
  
  
  
  
  
  
• Recording/Capturing light
  
  
  • Light-sensitive film -- film camera
  • Light-sensitive sensor -- digital camera
  
  
  
  • Sensitivity to light
    
    
    • films are rated - higher ISO number, the more sensitive
    • sensor signals are amplified to achieve different ISO
    
    
    
  • Image quality: size of film/sensor
  
  
  
  • Sensors -- you are stuck with what you bought
  • Film -- you can change (within the same format: eg. 35mm)
  
  
  
  
  
• Automation
  
  
  • Auto-focus (use it)
  • Auto-exposure (don't use until you've mastered manual control of apeture and shutter speed)
    
    
  • Auto-image-correction (RAW vs jpeg)
  • New developments (photography + computing)
    
    
    • Light-field cameras: adjust aperture/focal points after the fact. (eg. Refocusing after the picture is taken)
    • Photo/video (Live photos on iPhones)
    • Panorama, 360 VR
    • Light-sensitivity beyond human vision
    • Facial recognition, location awareness (GPS)