Counting the Uncounted

Frank Ramsey

The Hawaiian Forest Bird Survey (1976-1982) began shortly after passage of the Endangered Species Act. Because half the endangered birds in the United States were Hawaiian endemic species, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service biologists were dispatched there with instructions to come up with a recovery plan that would save species hovering on the verge of extinction and secure a continued existence for those that were threatened. What the biologists encountered was a dearth of information about all but a few species. How large were populations of the endangered birds? Where were they located? No information was available. Hence, the HFBS was organized to answer those basic questions. It began on the Big Island of Hawaii in June of 1976 and ended on Kauai in August of 1982. In the interim, teams of up to 25 observers in a year surveyed all the forested regions of the main Hawaiian Islands: Hawaii, Maui, Molokai, Lanai, Oahu, and Kauai. The performed over 10,000 point counts, and logged over 100,000 detected birds. Observers have stopped for eight minutes at stations located every 100 meters along transects spaced 2,000 meters apart. In each count, they record all the birds they hear and/or see. These counts are brought to the statistician, whose job is to determine how many birds of each species the observers missed! The current talk will give an overview of the HFBS, its goals, its execution, and its results. Focus centers on the job of counting the birds that the observers left uncounted.