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<mmapplet devphase="production" name="M3C2_AV04_L10A" title="Topic Overview" topic="Whistle-Blowing" pdoc="M3C2_AV04_L10A"> 
  <presentation type="TO" presnum="M3AV04_LA10"> 
	 <section name="Introduction"> 
		<page hidden="0" clear="1" id="M3AV04_LA10010" bgsrc="images/M3AV_bg.jpg"> 
		  <direction attn="graphic">Same as all other Mod 3 AV background graphics.</direction>
		  <direction attn="graphic">Create AV background for case studies that is similar to AV background but slightly different (preferrably with a magnifying glass labeled m3av_bg_case.jpg</direction>
		  <audio src="audio/M3AV04_LA10010.aif">Whistle-blowing involves reporting corporate behavior or policy that threatens harm to <cue/>individuals or <cue/>society. In some ways, this business ethics issue <cue/>has evolved from the late sixties to the present in step with the evolution of American corporations. But, <cue/>whistle-blowing has always existed somewhere between <cue/>loyalty to one's company--or at least to one's co-workers--and <cue/>loyalty to a moral code that protects those who might be harmed by a company's practices and policies.</audio> 
		  <text y="-15" type="title">Whistle-Blowing</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" y="+15" fontleading="18">Reporting corporate behavior that threatens harm to</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" y="+5" fontleading="18" startcue="1" tab="20">Individuals</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" y="+5" fontleading="18" tab="20" startcue="2">Society</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" y="+8" fontleading="18" startcue="3">Has evolved in step with evolution of American corporations</text> 
		  <img startcue="4" endcue="5" src="images/M3AV04_LA10010010.jpg"> 
			 <direction attn="graphic">Insert top-bottom 50-50 of graphic below with only "Whistle-Blowing" and arrow of continuum in first build.</direction>
		  </img> 
		  <img startcue="5" endcue="6" src="images/M3AV04_LA10010020.jpg"> 
			 <direction attn="graphic">Build "Loyalty to Company" </direction>
		  </img> 
		  <img startcue="6" endcue="7" src="images/M3AV04_LA10010030.jpg" print="1"> 
			 <direction attn="graphic">Build "Loyalty to Moral Code"</direction>
		  </img> 
		</page> 
		<page hidden="0" clear="1" bgsrc="images/M3AV_bg.jpg" id="M3AV04_LA10020"> 
		  <audio src="audio/M3AV04_LA10020.aif">The best-known definition of whistle-blowing is by Norman Bowie, a well-known business ethicist. He characterizes a whistle-blower as an 
			 <direction attn="audio">Yes, second sentence is exceedingly long. However, it's a quote and goes along with bullets on the screen, so it should be read as is, breathing wherever appropriate.</direction>
			 <cue/>employee or officer of any institution--profit or nonprofit, private or public--<cue/>who believes that they've been either<cue/>ordered to perform some objectionable act or have <cue/>obtained knowledge that the institution is engaged in activities that <cue/>are believed to cause unnecessary harm to a third party, <cue/> are in violation of human rights, <cue/> or run counter to the defined purpose of the institution; and <cue/>who informs the public. </audio> 
		  <text y="-15" type="title">Whistle-Blowing</text> 
		  <text type="subtitle">Definition</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" startcue="1" y="+8" fontleading="18">Employee</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" y="+5" fontleading="18" startcue="2" tab="20">Believes either</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" startcue="3" y="+5" fontleading="18" tab="40">Ordered to perform some objectionable act</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" startcue="4" y="+5" fontleading="18" tab="40">Obtained knowledge that institution engaged in activities that</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" startcue="5" y="+5" fontleading="18" tab="60">Cause unnecessary harm to third party</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" startcue="6" y="+5" fontleading="18" tab="60">In violation of human rights</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" startcue="7" y="+5" fontleading="18" tab="60">Run counter to defined purpose of institution</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" y="+5" fontleading="18" tab="20" startcue="8">Informs public</text> 
		  <text type="text" y="385" x="10" fontleading="18" fontsize="12" pixelspan="450">Norman Bowie, Business Ethics (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1982), 142.</text> 
		</page> 
		<page hidden="0" clear="1" bgsrc="images/M3AV_bg.jpg" id="M3AV04_LA10030"> 
		  <audio src="audio/M3AV04_LA10030.aif">Of course this simple definition doesn't capture the complexities and controversy surrounding this topic. <cue/> Whistle-blowers can be a huge problem for a business. For example, whistle-blowing can cause<cue/>work stoppages, resulting in decreased revenues; <cue/>large costs may be incurred in the course of addressing the problem ;<cue/>lawsuits may result; and <cue/>liabilities could be incurred. The <cue/>best intentions of a whistle-blower are to <cue/>prevent harm to <cue/>individuals who use the product in question, or to prevent harm to the <cue/>larger community, <cue/>but this often causes considerable harm to a corporation or its stakeholders. <cue/>It's no surprise that many executives get quite incensed over the notion of whistle-blowers; in fact, <cue/>whistle-blower protection laws exist largely because <cue/>of the considerable retribution visited upon some whistle-blowers by angry corporations.</audio> 
		  <text y="-15" type="title">Whistle-Blowing Controversy</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" startcue="1" y="+8" fontleading="18">Whistle-blowers can cause be huge problem for a business</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" startcue="2" y="+5" fontleading="18" tab="20">Works stoppages</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" startcue="3" y="+5" fontleading="18" tab="20">Large costs incurred </text> 
		  <text type="bullet" startcue="4" y="+5" fontleading="18" tab="20">Lawsuits result </text> 
		  <text type="bullet" startcue="5" y="+5" fontleading="18" tab="20">Liabilities incurred</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" startcue="6" y="+8" fontleading="18">Best intentions are to prevent harm to</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" startcue="8" y="+5" fontleading="18" tab="40">Individuals who use product in question </text> 
		  <text type="bullet" startcue="9" y="+5" fontleading="18" tab="40">Larger community</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" startcue="10" y="+8" fontleading="18">Often can cause harm to corporation or stakeholders</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" startcue="11" y="+8" fontleading="18">Many executives get incensed over whistle-blowers</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" startcue="12" y="+8" fontleading="18">Whistle-blower protection laws exist because subjected to retribution </text> 
		</page> 
	 </section> 
	 <section name="Loyalty"> 
		<page hidden="0" clear="1" bgsrc="images/M3AV_bg.jpg" id="M3AV04_LA10040"> 
		  <audio src="audio/M3AV04_LA10040.aif">The question of loyalty in relation to one's employment is <cue/>exceedingly complex. Some believe that loyalty <cue/>toward a corporation is simply misplaced. They argue that loyalty <cue/>must be directed toward a personal object. But <cue/>this view seems false, when considering that <cue/>we regularly feel appropriate loyalty for a <cue/>country, a <cue/>church or other religious institution, or even a <cue/>school. This is partly because of the <cue/>people we associate with those organizations, but some of the loyalty we feel seems <cue/>directed toward the complicated object that is the "institution." For example, you may feel considerable loyalty for your alma mater. Although that feeling may be connected to your personal associations, you may also feel quite strongly about the school even though none of your classmates and few of your professors are still there.</audio> 
		  <text type="title" y="-15">Loyalty</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" startcue="0" y="+15" fontleading="18">Question of loyalty is complex</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" startcue="1" y="+8" fontleading="18">Some believe that loyalty</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" startcue="2" y="+5" fontleading="18" tab="20">Directed towards organization is misplaced</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" startcue="3" y="+5" fontleading="18" tab="20">Must be directed toward personal object</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" startcue="4" y="+8" fontleading="18">This view seems false</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" startcue="5" y="+5" fontleading="18" tab="20">We regularly feel loyalty for</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" startcue="6" y="+5" fontleading="18" tab="40">Country </text> 
		  <text type="bullet" startcue="7" y="+5" fontleading="18" tab="40">Church </text> 
		  <text type="bullet" startcue="8" y="+5" fontleading="18" tab="40">School </text> 
		  <text type="bullet" startcue="9" y="+8" fontleading="18">Because of people we associate with organizations</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" startcue="10" y="+8" fontleading="18">Directed toward the "institution" </text> 
		</page> 
		<page hidden="0" clear="1" bgsrc="images/M3AV_bg.jpg" id="M3AV04_LA10050"> 
		  <audio src="audio/M3AV04_LA10050.aif">Today, <cue/>loyalty toward one's company is generally thought to be on the decline. This is partially <cue/>because <cue/>loyalty from the company toward the employee seems to be on the decline. "Downsizing" and "rightsizing" have led <cue/>many to feel that their <cue/>relationship to their employer is only as solid as the next month's employment and that <cue/>if they get a better offer they should take it. While this argument is subject to debate, the reality is that the <cue/>bond of loyalty between employer and employee isn't absolute. 
			 <direction attn="audio">V.O. emphasis first instance of "employee" - in second sentence</direction>
		  </audio> 
		  <text type="title" y="-15">Loyalty Today</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" startcue="1" y="+8" fontleading="18">Loyalty toward company on decline</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" startcue="2" y="+8" fontleading="18">Loyalty from company toward employee on decline</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" startcue="4" y="+8" fontleading="18">Many feel</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" y="+5" fontleading="18" startcue="5" tab="20">Relationship to employer only as solid next month's employment</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" startcue="6" y="+5" fontleading="18" tab="20">If they get a better offer they should take it</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" startcue="7" y="+8" fontleading="18">Bond of loyalty between employer and employee isn't absolute</text> 
		</page> 
	 </section> 
	 <section name="Motives"> 
		<page hidden="0" clear="1" bgsrc="images/M3AV_bg.jpg" id="M3AV04_LA10060"> 
		  <audio src="audio/M3AV04_LA10060.aif">It's an unfortunate fact that <cue/>some whistle-blowers act out of motives other than exposing corporate wrongdoing. Some are simply <cue/>dishonest, which complicates the issue. They may <cue/>be upset at what they perceive as favoritism, <cue/>have an axe to grind, <cue/>act out of revenge for some slight or perceived wrong, or simply <cue/>crave publicity. These <cue/>cases are few, but they happen often enough to <cue/>remind us that whistle-blowing calls for critical examination as much as any corporate behavior.</audio> 
		  <text type="title" y="-15">Motives</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" startcue="1" y="+8" fontleading="18">Some whistle-blowers act out of motives other than exposing corporate wrongdoing</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" startcue="2" y="+5" fontleading="18" tab="20">Dishonest</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" startcue="3" y="+5" fontleading="18" tab="20">Upset at favoritism</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" startcue="4" y="+5" fontleading="18" tab="20">Have axe to grind</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" startcue="5" y="+5" fontleading="18" tab="20">Act out of revenge for perceived wrong</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" startcue="6" y="+5" fontleading="18" tab="20">Crave publicity</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" startcue="7" y="+8" fontleading="18">Cases are few</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" startcue="8" y="+8" fontleading="18">Whistle-blowing calls for critical examination</text> 
		</page> 
	 </section> 
	 <section name="Whistle-Blowing Issues"> 
		<page hidden="0" clear="1" bgsrc="images/M3AV_bg.jpg" id="M3AV04_LA10070"> 
		  <audio src="audio/M3AV04_LA10070.aif">So what are the main issues to consider when determining whether to blow the whistle on an employer? There are three: <cue/>justification, <cue/>autonomy, and <cue/>rights violation. Justification involves determining if there's a <cue/>good reason for informing the public of a corporation's actions. Autonomy involves evaluating <cue/>whether the actions of a corporation or of a whistle-blower compromise anyone's ability to decide for themselves. And rights violation involves determining <cue/>if anyone's basic human rights are violated by the actions of either a corporation or a whistle-blower. 
			 <direction attn="audio">v.o. emphasis: "or" after cue 5 in 4th sentence - "whether or not the actions of a corporation OR of a whistle-blower;"</direction>
		  </audio> 
		  <text type="title" y="-15">Whistle-Blowing Issues</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" startcue="1" y="+8" fontleading="18">Justification </text> 
		  <text type="bullet" y="+5" fontleading="18" startcue="4" tab="20">Good reason for informing of corporation's actions</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" startcue="2" y="+8" fontleading="18">Autonomy</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" y="+5" fontleading="18" startcue="5" tab="20">Whether actions compromise ability to decide</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" startcue="3" y="+8" fontleading="18">Rights violation</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" y="+5" fontleading="18" startcue="6" tab="20">Whether basic human rights are violated by actions</text> 
		</page> 
	 </section> 
	 <section name="Conclusion"> 
		<page hidden="0" clear="1" bgsrc="images/M3AV_bg.jpg" id="M3AV04_LA10080"> 
		  <audio src="audio/M3AV04_LA10080.aif">Whistle-blowing is a complicated issue that's been <cue/>compounded by <cue/>the treatment of whistle-blowers by past executives, the <cue/>shifting loyalty of employees toward their companies, and the <cue/>various motives of past whistle-blowers. As a result, it's <cue/>important for employees and corporations to determine whether <cue/>there's justification for blowing the whistle, <cue/>whether anyone's autonomy is being imposed upon, or <cue/>if any human rights are being infringed upon. <cue/>For the corporation, considering these issues<cue/> can prevent actions that might lead to costly whistle-blowing incidents. <cue/>For the employee, considering these issues can <cue/>assist in determining when it's appropriate to go public with a corporation's inappropriate actions.</audio> 
		  <text y="-15" type="title">Whistle-Blowing Complexity</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" startcue="1" y="+8" fontleading="18">Compounded by</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" startcue="2" y="+5" fontleading="18" tab="20">Treatment by past executives</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" startcue="3" y="+5" fontleading="18" tab="20">Shifting loyalty toward companies</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" y="+5" fontleading="18" tab="20" startcue="4">Motives of past whistle-blowers</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" startcue="5" y="+8" fontleading="18">Important to determine whether</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" startcue="6" y="+5" fontleading="18" tab="20">Justification</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" startcue="7" y="+5" fontleading="18" tab="20">Autonomy</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" startcue="8" y="+5" fontleading="18" tab="20">Rights violation</text> 
		  <text type="bullet" startcue="9" y="+8" fontleading="18">Corporation can prevent costly incidents </text> 
		  <text type="bullet" startcue="11" y="+8" fontleading="18">Employee can assist in determining when appropriate to go public with inappropriate actions</text> 
		</page> 
		<page hidden="0" clear="1" id="M3AV04_LA10090" nexthref="none" bgsrc="images/M3AV_bg.jpg"> 
		  <text type="text" y="+10" x="45" fontleading="18" fontalign="center" fontstyle="bold">You have completed this topic overview.</text> 
		  <text type="text" y="+10" x="45" fontleading="18" fontalign="center" fontstyle="bold">Please return to the syllabus to continue.</text> 
		</page> 
	 </section> 
  </presentation> 
  <presmetadata> 
	 <creator>:Jennifer Wolverton</creator> 
	 <createdate>Tue Nov 13 10:40:06 PST 2001</createdate> 
	 <university prefix="M3C2_AV04">Babson</university>
	 <fileserverpath>\\FILER\Courses\Babson\Module03\M3C2\cd_image\M3C2\dswmedia</fileserverpath>
  </presmetadata> 
</mmapplet> 
